Solution Manual For
Horngren's Accounting, The Financial Chapters,
14th edition Nobles
Chapter 1-17
Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies,
such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes
withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive
explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational
knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader
and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis
chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time
scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring
within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor
patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their
impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**:
Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, host-parasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute
toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological
factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and
extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary
relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic
variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human
populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches
tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
Chapter F:1
Accounting and the Business Environment
Review Questions
1. Accounting is the information system that measures business activities, processes the information
into reports, and communicates the results to decision makers. Accounting is the language of
business.
2. Financial accounting provides information for external decision makers, such as outside investors,
lenders, customers, and the federal government. Managerial accounting focuses on information for
internal decision makers, such as the company’s managers and employees.
3. Individuals use accounting information to help them manage their money, evaluate a new job, and
better decide whether they can afford to make a new purchase. Business owners use accounting
information to set goals, measure progress toward those goals, and make adjustments when needed.
Investors use accounting information to help them decide whether or not a company is a good
investment and once they have invested, they use a company’s financial statements to analyze how
their investment is performing. Creditors use accounting information to decide whether to lend
money to a business and to evaluate a company’s ability to make the loan payments. Taxing
authorities use accounting information to calculate the amount of income tax that a company has to
pay.
4. Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are licensed professional accountants who serve the general
public. They work for public accounting firms, businesses, government, or educational institutions.
A Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) is an accountant who has advanced
knowledge in finance, operations, strategy, and management. Certified Management Accountants
(CMAs) specialize in accounting and financial management knowledge. They work for a single
company. Certified Financial Planners (CFPs) work with individuals to help them budget, plan for
1-1
, retirement, save for education, and manage their finances.
5. The FASB oversees the creation and governance of accounting standards. They work with
governmental regulatory agencies, congressionally created groups, and private groups.
6. The guidelines for accounting information are called GAAP. It is the main U.S. accounting rule
book and is currently created and governed by the FASB. Investors and lenders must have
information that is relevant and has faithful representation in order to make decisions and GAAP
provides the framework for this financial reporting.
7. A sole proprietorship has a single owner, terminates upon the owner’s death or choice, the owner has
personal liability for the business’s debts, and it is not a separate tax entity. A partnership has two or
more owners, terminates at partner’s choice or death, the partners have personal liability, and it is
not a separate tax entity. A corporation is a separate legal entity, has one or more owners, has
indefinite life, the stockholders are not personally liable for the business’s debts, and it is a separate
tax entity. A limited-liability company has one or more members and each is only liable for his or
her own actions, has an indefinite life, and is not a separate tax entity.
Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies,
such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes
withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive
explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational
knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader
and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis
chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time
scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring
within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor
patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their
impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**:
Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, host-parasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute
toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological
factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and
extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary
relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic
variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human
populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches
tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
8. The land should be recorded at $5,000. The cost principle states that assets should be recorded at
their historical cost.
9. The going concern assumption assumes that the entity will remain in business for the foreseeable
future and long enough to use existing resources for their intended purpose.
10. The faithful representation concept states that accounting information should be complete, neutral,
and free from material error.
11. The monetary unit assumption states that items on the financial statements should be measured in
terms of a monetary unit.
12. The IASB is the organization that develops and creates IFRS which are a set of global accounting
standards that would be used around the world.
13. Assets = Liabilities + Equity. Assets are economic resources that are expected to benefit the business
in the future. They are things of value that a business owns or has control of. Liabilities are debts
that are owed to creditors. They are one source of claims against assets. Equity is the other source
of claims against assets. Equity is the owner’s claim against assets and is the amount of assets that is
left over after the company has paid its liabilities. It represents the net worth of the business.
14. Equity increases with owner’s contributions and revenues. Equity decreases with expenses and
owner’s withdrawals.
1-2
,15. Revenues – Expenses = Net Income. Revenues are earnings resulting from delivering goods or
services to customers. Expenses are the cost of selling goods or service.
16. Step 1: Identify the accounts and the account type. Step 2: Decide if each account increases or
decreases. Step 3: Determine if the accounting equation is in balance.
17. Income Statement – Shows the difference between an entity’s revenues and expenses and reports the
net income or net loss for a specific period.
Statement of Owner’s Equity – Shows the changes in owner’s capital for a specific period including
owner contributions, net income (loss) and owner withdrawals.
Balance Sheet – Shows the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of the business as of a specific date.
Statement of Cash Flows – Shows a business’s cash receipts and cash payments for a specific period.
18. Return on Assets = Net income / Average total assets. ROA measures how profitably a company
uses its assets.
Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary
studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter
concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive
explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational
knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia
Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you
might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic
time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**: Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**:
Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different
habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species
intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary
Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, host-parasite).**Evolutionary
Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over
evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its
impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological
principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary
Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil
evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and
advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation
biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
Short Exercises
S-F:1-1
a. FA e. MA
b. FA f. FA
c. FA g. MA
d. MA h. FA
S-F:1-2
The Financial Accounting Standards Board governs the majority of guidelines, called Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), that the CPA will use to prepare financial statements for
Wholly Shirts.
S-F:1-3
Rahat’s needs will best be met by organizing a corporation since a corporation has an unlimited life and
is a separate tax entity. In addition, the owners (stockholders) have limited liability. Rahat could also
consider a limited liability company (LLC) as an option. An LLC meets two of the three criteria. It has
an unlimited life and limited liability for the owner. However, an LLC is not a separate tax entity.
S-F:1-4
1-3
, Advantages:
1. Easy to organize.
2. Unification of ownership and management.
3. Less government regulation.
4. Owner has more control over business.
Disadvantages:
1. The owner pays taxes on the entity’s earnings since it is not a separate tax entity.
2. No continuous life or transferability of ownership.
3. Unlimited liability of owner for business’s debts.
S-F:1-5
a. The economic entity assumption
b. The cost principle.
c. The monetary unit assumption.
d. The going concern assumption.
Homo species) and genetic studies revealing relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and
advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation
biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related tomacroevolution, reinforcing understandingofthepatterns, processes, and implicationsofevolution at
broader scales.Chapter 16 providesacomprehensive explorationofmacroevolutionary processes, including speciation, evolutionary trends, biogeography, and theintegrationofevolutionary biology with ecology
and developmental biology. It builds upon foundational knowledgeofgenetics and microevolution, preparing students forfurther exploration into paleontology, evolutionary ecology, and interdisciplinary
studiesinevolutionary biology coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 16, feel
free toask!Chapter 16of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Evolutionona Large Scale," typically explores evolutionary processes that occur over longer time scales and
across larger taxonomic groups. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toMacroevolution**:Definitionofmacroevolution as evolutionary patterns and processes that occur
above thespecies level, leading tothediversificationoflife forms over geologic time scales.**Speciation**:Detailed explorationofspeciation, theprocess by which new species arise:**Allopatric Speciation**:
Geographic isolation leading toreproductive isolation.**Sympatric Speciation**: Speciation occurring within thesame geographic area due tofactors like polyploidy or habitat differentiation.**Parapatric
Speciation**: Speciation occurringinadjacent but different habitats.**PatternsofMacroevolution**:Examinationofmajor patterns and trends observedinthefossil record and biological diversity:**Adaptive
Radiation**: Diversification ofasingle ancestral species intoavarietyofecological niches.**Extinction Events**: Mass extinctions and their impactonbiodiversity.**Convergent Evolution**: Independent
evolutionofsimilar traitsinunrelated lineages.**Evolutionary Trends**:Analysisofevolutionary trends observedinvarious taxonomic groups:**Coevolution**: Reciprocal evolutionary changes between
interacting species (e.g., predator-prey, host-parasite).**Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-devo)**: Studyofhow changesindevelopmental processes contribute toevolutionary
change.**EvolutionofComplexity**: Emergenceofcomplex traits and biological structures over evolutionary time.**Biogeography**:Explorationofthedistributionofspecies and how historical and ecological
factors influence patternsofbiodiversity:**Continental Drift**: Movementofcontinents and its impactonbiogeographic patterns.**Island Biogeography**: Patternsofspecies diversityonislands influenced by
colonization and extinction.**Evolutionary Ecology**:Integrationofevolutionary biology with ecological principles, including:**Adaptive Radiation**: Ecological opportunities driving speciation.**Species
Interactions**: Coevolutionary relationships and their ecological and evolutionary consequences.**Evolutionary Development**:Discussionontheroleofdevelopmental processesinshaping evolutionary
trajectories and patternsofphenotypic variation.**Human Evolution**:Overviewofhuman evolutionary history, including fossil evidence (e.g., Australopithecus, Homo species) and genetic studies revealing
relationships among modern human populations.**Emerging TopicsinMacroevolution**:Introduction tocurrent research topics and advancementsinmacroevolutionary studies, such as evolutionary responses
toclimate change, genomic approaches tounderstanding macroevolution, and theroleofevolutionary theoryinconservation biology.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey
concepts related
S-F:1-6
Requirement 1
Bennett Handyman Services has equity of $4,260.
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
$12,500 = $8,240 + ?
$12,500 = $8,240 + $4,260
Requirement 2
Bennett Handyman Services has liabilities of $13,330.
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
$12,500 + $3,200 = ? + $4,260 – $1,890
$15,700 = $13,330 + $2,370
S-F:1-7
Requirement 1
1-4
