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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM STUDY GUIDEMargin of safety - Answers-the difference between the usual effective dose and the
dose that induces severe or life threatening side effects
Therapeutic equivalence - Answers-production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Answers-Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine
feces, bile, saliva, and exhaled air
medication error - Answers-failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - Answers-a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - Answers-a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with
liquid such as syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - Answers-a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many
others encased within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - Answers-pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of
a drug and bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and
antiflatulents
Capsules - Answers-medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an
external shell; can be pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - Answers-several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at
different rates
Rights of drug administration - Answers-right patient, right medication, right does, right
route of administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes - Answers-intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular - Answers-drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - Answers-needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into
space around the spinal cord
intravenous - Answers-injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - Answers-needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
,Bioavailablility - Answers-how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended
target site of action
Bioequivalent - Answers-when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but
also produce virtually the same blood levels over time
Enteric Coating - Answers-dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach;
only starts to digest in the intestines
caplets - Answers-shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file
make swallowing easier
gel caps - Answers-an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - Answers-two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - Answers-control localized infections or inflammation and require very low
dosages to be effective
Types of drug despensing - Answers-OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - Answers-exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic
effects
Type B (idiosyncratic) - Answers-results from mechanisms that are not currently
understood; largely unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic) - Answers-These persist for a long time
Type D delayed - Answers-these take some time to develop
Type E end of use - Answers-These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors - Answers-Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients - Answers-inactive ingredients
Parenteral - Answers-intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal - Answers-suppository
Oral - Answers-tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal - Answers-through the skin via creams or patches
Binders - Answers-cement the active and inert components of tablets
,Fillers - Answers-used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and
consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers) - Answers-added to powdered materials used in pill production
to aid movement through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents - Answers-maintain consistent concentration of the active
ingredients throughout the drug product
disintegrants - Answers-help break up the tablets int the GI tract
Lubricants - Answers-ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them
during the manufacturing process
AUC - Answers-represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug
that appears in the bloodstream following oral administration
Cmax - Answers-peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
First pass effect - Answers-metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount
of drug that eventually reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action
onset of action - Answers-the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect
after it is administered
Protein Binding - Answers-the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
QD - Answers-once a day
QID - Answers-four times a day
PRN - Answers-take as needed
TID - Answers-three times a day
Tmax - Answers-time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
BID - Answers-twice a day
Authorized distributor - Answers-any distributor of a prescription drug that has a written
agreement with the manufacturers of the prescription drug and conducts at least two
transactions with the manufacturer of the prescription drug within any 24-month period
Average whole price (AWP) - Answers-published whole sale price or list price suggested
by the manufacturer
, Brokerage - Answers-the combination of -drop ship and dock to dock delivery services
provided by wholesalers. Wholesalers do not bring the product into their warehouses
Buy-side margin - Answers-refers to the early payment discounts and other earned or
negotiated rebates and discounts received by wholesalers from drug manufacturers;
increase in the value of wholesalers' inventories ad manufacturers' prices rise
chain drug store - Answers-a company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies
dock to dock delivery - Answers-wholesaler obtains the drugs to a dispenser own
warehouse without taking the drugs into its own inventory
drop shipment - Answers-the drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a
dispenser but the order and payments are made through a wholesaler
Float - Answers-the time differential between when a wholesaler receives payment from
its customer and when the payment is due to its supplier
Group Purchasing Organization GPO - Answers-an entity consisting of two or more
hospitals or other healthcare entities that is formed to offer its members access to
purchasing contracts for health supplies
In-state wholesaler - Answers-wholesaler that distributes drug products in a state in
which it is physically located
independent drug store - Answers-a company that owns and operates three or fewer
pharmacies
Integrated Delivery Network IDN - Answers-a financial management structure that
unites hospitals, physicians ambulatory care site and managed care plans through
ownership or exclusive formal agreements to provide a system to deliver a continuum of
healthcare services
Mail order pharmacy - Answers-a pharmacy that dispenses prescriptions to patients
who submit their prescriptions by mail or fax
manufacturer direct sale - Answers-the type of sale that bypasses the need for any
intermediary distributor
mass merchandiser - Answers-Department stores with a pharmacy
non-stock sales - Answers-brokerage sales, dock to dock sales, drop shipments, and
any form of sale not placed in inventory
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