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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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CNPR, NAPSR EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Margin of safety - Answers-the difference between the usual effective dose and the
dose that induces severe or life threatening side effects

Therapeutic equivalence - Answers-production of the same medicinal effects

Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Answers-Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine
feces, bile, saliva, and exhaled air

medication error - Answers-failure to administer drug in the correct form

Powders - Answers-a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles

pills - Answers-a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with
liquid such as syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape

granules - Answers-a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many
others encased within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time

tablet - Answers-pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of
a drug and bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and
antiflatulents

Capsules - Answers-medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an
external shell; can be pulled apart for access to contents

sustained release - Answers-several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at
different rates

Rights of drug administration - Answers-right patient, right medication, right does, right
route of administration, and right time of delivery

Injection routes - Answers-intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous

intramuscular - Answers-drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue

intrathecal - Answers-needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into
space around the spinal cord

intravenous - Answers-injected directly into the veins

subcutaneous - Answers-needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin

,Bioavailablility - Answers-how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended
target site of action

Bioequivalent - Answers-when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but
also produce virtually the same blood levels over time

Enteric Coating - Answers-dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach;
only starts to digest in the intestines

caplets - Answers-shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file
make swallowing easier

gel caps - Answers-an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule

Emulsion - Answers-two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed

otic drugs - Answers-control localized infections or inflammation and require very low
dosages to be effective

Types of drug despensing - Answers-OTC and prescription

Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - Answers-exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic
effects

Type B (idiosyncratic) - Answers-results from mechanisms that are not currently
understood; largely unpredictable

Type C (continuing or chronic) - Answers-These persist for a long time

Type D delayed - Answers-these take some time to develop

Type E end of use - Answers-These occur during drug withdrawal

Risk Factors - Answers-Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding

Excipients - Answers-inactive ingredients

Parenteral - Answers-intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous

Rectal - Answers-suppository

Oral - Answers-tablet, capsule, liquid

Transdermal - Answers-through the skin via creams or patches

Binders - Answers-cement the active and inert components of tablets

,Fillers - Answers-used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and
consumption

Glidants(flow enhancers) - Answers-added to powdered materials used in pill production
to aid movement through tabletting machinery

suspending/dispersing agents - Answers-maintain consistent concentration of the active
ingredients throughout the drug product

disintegrants - Answers-help break up the tablets int the GI tract

Lubricants - Answers-ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them
during the manufacturing process

AUC - Answers-represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug
that appears in the bloodstream following oral administration

Cmax - Answers-peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve

First pass effect - Answers-metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount
of drug that eventually reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action

onset of action - Answers-the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect
after it is administered

Protein Binding - Answers-the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein

QD - Answers-once a day

QID - Answers-four times a day

PRN - Answers-take as needed

TID - Answers-three times a day

Tmax - Answers-time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve

BID - Answers-twice a day

Authorized distributor - Answers-any distributor of a prescription drug that has a written
agreement with the manufacturers of the prescription drug and conducts at least two
transactions with the manufacturer of the prescription drug within any 24-month period

Average whole price (AWP) - Answers-published whole sale price or list price suggested
by the manufacturer

, Brokerage - Answers-the combination of -drop ship and dock to dock delivery services
provided by wholesalers. Wholesalers do not bring the product into their warehouses

Buy-side margin - Answers-refers to the early payment discounts and other earned or
negotiated rebates and discounts received by wholesalers from drug manufacturers;
increase in the value of wholesalers' inventories ad manufacturers' prices rise

chain drug store - Answers-a company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies

dock to dock delivery - Answers-wholesaler obtains the drugs to a dispenser own
warehouse without taking the drugs into its own inventory

drop shipment - Answers-the drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a
dispenser but the order and payments are made through a wholesaler

Float - Answers-the time differential between when a wholesaler receives payment from
its customer and when the payment is due to its supplier

Group Purchasing Organization GPO - Answers-an entity consisting of two or more
hospitals or other healthcare entities that is formed to offer its members access to
purchasing contracts for health supplies

In-state wholesaler - Answers-wholesaler that distributes drug products in a state in
which it is physically located

independent drug store - Answers-a company that owns and operates three or fewer
pharmacies

Integrated Delivery Network IDN - Answers-a financial management structure that
unites hospitals, physicians ambulatory care site and managed care plans through
ownership or exclusive formal agreements to provide a system to deliver a continuum of
healthcare services

Mail order pharmacy - Answers-a pharmacy that dispenses prescriptions to patients
who submit their prescriptions by mail or fax

manufacturer direct sale - Answers-the type of sale that bypasses the need for any
intermediary distributor

mass merchandiser - Answers-Department stores with a pharmacy

non-stock sales - Answers-brokerage sales, dock to dock sales, drop shipments, and
any form of sale not placed in inventory

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