BIOL 141 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Pass
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane that contributes to its fluidity?
The primary component is phospholipids, which form a bilayer allowing lateral movement
and flexibility.
How do channel pr...
BIOL 141 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Pass
What is the primary component of the plasma membrane that contributes to its fluidity?
✔✔ The primary component is phospholipids, which form a bilayer allowing lateral movement
and flexibility.
How do channel proteins facilitate the movement of substances across the cell membrane?
✔✔ Channel proteins provide a passageway for specific ions and molecules to diffuse across the
membrane down their concentration gradient.
What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in understanding membrane structure?
✔✔ The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as a dynamic structure with various
proteins embedded in or attached to the lipid bilayer, allowing for movement and interaction.
What role do glycoproteins play in cell recognition?
✔✔ Glycoproteins serve as recognition sites on the cell surface, allowing cells to identify and
interact with each other, facilitating communication and immune responses.
1
,How does the process of cellular respiration differ from fermentation?
✔✔ Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP compared to fermentation,
which occurs in the absence of oxygen and yields less ATP.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
✔✔ The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), playing
a key role in processing and transporting cellular materials.
How does the structure of DNA contribute to its function in heredity?
✔✔ The double helix structure allows for the precise replication of genetic information, ensuring
accurate transmission of traits during cell division.
What is the role of the cytoskeleton in maintaining cell shape?
✔✔ The cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell, while also facilitating
movement and intracellular transport through its network of filaments and tubules.
How do enzymes become denatured, and what are the consequences?
✔✔ Enzymes become denatured when exposed to extreme temperatures or pH levels, resulting
in the loss of their three-dimensional structure and, consequently, their catalytic activity.
2
,What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
✔✔ The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or
delivery to other organelles, acting as the cell's shipping center.
How do intercellular junctions contribute to tissue function?
✔✔ Intercellular junctions, such as tight junctions and gap junctions, facilitate communication
and adhesion between cells, maintaining tissue integrity and function.
What are the key steps involved in the process of protein synthesis?
✔✔ Protein synthesis involves transcription (copying DNA to mRNA) in the nucleus, followed
by translation (mRNA to polypeptide) at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
How do lysosomes function in cellular digestion?
✔✔ Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris,
recycling components and maintaining cellular health.
What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
3
, ✔✔ Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy
stored in glucose while releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
How do competitive and non-competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
✔✔ Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, while non-competitive inhibitors
bind to an allosteric site, both reducing the enzyme's activity but through different mechanisms.
What is the process of osmosis, and how does it differ from diffusion?
✔✔ Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of
lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, whereas diffusion refers to
the movement of solutes from high to low concentration.
What are the consequences of a hypertonic solution on animal cells?
✔✔ In a hypertonic solution, animal cells lose water, leading to cell shrinkage or crenation due
to the higher concentration of solutes outside the cell.
How does natural selection contribute to the evolution of species?
✔✔ Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits that enhance survival and
reproduction, leading to the gradual evolution of species over generations.
4
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