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PSCI 100 - Exam 1 With Complete Solution 2024/2025 Update
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PSCI 100 - Exam 1 With Complete Solution 2024/2025 Update
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PSCI 100 - Exam 1 With CompleteSolution 2024/2025 Update
Collective Good ANS✔✔ "Public Policy" - goods that are collectively produced and freely available for
anyone's consumption. Ex: Beach
Non-Excludability ANS✔✔ Good available to all, regardless of whether they helped produce/contribute
to it or not
Prisoners' Dilemma ANS✔✔ Whenever individuals decide that even though they support some
collective undertaking, they're personally better off pursuing an activity that rewards them despite
undermining the collective effort
Free Riding ANS✔✔ To defect/renege from the agreement by withholding a contribution to the group
while enjoying benefits of the collective effort. Part of prisoners' dilemma
Tragedy of the Commons ANS✔✔ Individual costless consumption of public good that results in
ruination. Part of prisoners' dilemma. Ex: Overfishing
Focal Point ANS✔✔ Focus identified by participants when coordinating their energies to achieve a
common purpose
Coordination Problem ANS✔✔ The act of organizing a group to achieve a common goal. Harder to do,
the larger the group
Delegation ANS✔✔ When individuals or groups authorize someone to make and implement decisions
for them
, Veto ANS✔✔ The right of an official/institution to say "no" to a proposal from another
official/institution
Command Authority ANS✔✔ Gives its holder comprehensive control of those within the scope of its
authority
Voting Rules ANS✔✔ 1. Majority Rules: simple majority, one half plus one.
2. Plurality Rules: the candidate receiving the most votes, regardless of whether the plurality reaches a
majority.
3. Supermajority: two-thirds vote
Supermajority ANS✔✔ Two-thirds vote. Required for extraordinary legislative actions. Ex: amending
Constitution
Agenda Control ANS✔✔ The capacity to set the choices available to others
Transaction Costs ANS✔✔ The time, effort, and resources required to make collective decisions
Conformity Costs ANS✔✔ The Difference between what a person ideally would prefer and what the
group with which that person makes collective decisions actually does. Individuals pay conformity costs
whenever collective decisions produce policy outcomes that do not best serve their interests
Agency Loss ANS✔✔ The discrepancy between what a principal (those who possess decision making
authority) would ideally like its agents (those who make/implement decisions on behalf of the
principals) to do and what they actually do
Republic ANS✔✔ A form of democracy in which power is vested in elected representatives
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