Bio 2170 Exam One Chapter Guides (Ch
1-4) Questions Solved Correctly.
Evolution - Answer change over time
Natural selection - Answer a form of evolution in which organisms not fit to survive die off while
survivors pass on their beneficial genes to offspring
Mutation - Answer changes in DNA that can be beneficial or harmful to organisms. Beneficial ones
often get passed down to offspring, increasing genetic diversity in a species
Scientific Method - Answer using observations to generate a hypothesis and making predictions based
off said hypothesis
Atom - Answer most basic unit of matter
Element - Answer pure substance composed of only one kind of atom, can't be broken down by
chemical means
Atomic number - Answer number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, used to determine identity of
elements
Atomic mass - Answer mass of an atom (proton+neutron). electrons are light enough to not contribute
Isotope - Answer atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Types of chemical bonds - Answer ionic, hydrogen, covalent, polar covalent, non-polar covalent, double
bond
Covalent bond - Answer bond formed when atoms share a valence electron
, Double bond - Answer covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared
Ionic bond - Answer bond formed by two oppositely charged ions
Electron shell - Answer a space that electrons are most likely to be found in
Protein - Answer polypeptide chains formed out of amino acids, held together by peptide bonds. Vast
amount of functions include enzymes and DNA regulation.
Carbohydrate - Answer Built of monosaccharides, held together by glycosidic bonds. functions for long
term energy storage and structural functions.
Lipid - Answer non-polar hydrocarbons, not a polymer. Used for energy storage and also functions as
an insulator.
Nucleic acid - Answer polymers of nucleotides, DNA/RNA.
Nucleotide - Answer composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. nitrogen
base dictates the identity of the monomer. (A, C, G, T, U)
Buffer - Answer compound composed of a weak acid and it's conjugate base that prevents sharp
changes in pH level
Central Dogma - Answer DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Messenger RNA - Answer RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino
acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
RNA polymerase - Answer enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during
transcription using a DNA strand as a template
1-4) Questions Solved Correctly.
Evolution - Answer change over time
Natural selection - Answer a form of evolution in which organisms not fit to survive die off while
survivors pass on their beneficial genes to offspring
Mutation - Answer changes in DNA that can be beneficial or harmful to organisms. Beneficial ones
often get passed down to offspring, increasing genetic diversity in a species
Scientific Method - Answer using observations to generate a hypothesis and making predictions based
off said hypothesis
Atom - Answer most basic unit of matter
Element - Answer pure substance composed of only one kind of atom, can't be broken down by
chemical means
Atomic number - Answer number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, used to determine identity of
elements
Atomic mass - Answer mass of an atom (proton+neutron). electrons are light enough to not contribute
Isotope - Answer atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Types of chemical bonds - Answer ionic, hydrogen, covalent, polar covalent, non-polar covalent, double
bond
Covalent bond - Answer bond formed when atoms share a valence electron
, Double bond - Answer covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared
Ionic bond - Answer bond formed by two oppositely charged ions
Electron shell - Answer a space that electrons are most likely to be found in
Protein - Answer polypeptide chains formed out of amino acids, held together by peptide bonds. Vast
amount of functions include enzymes and DNA regulation.
Carbohydrate - Answer Built of monosaccharides, held together by glycosidic bonds. functions for long
term energy storage and structural functions.
Lipid - Answer non-polar hydrocarbons, not a polymer. Used for energy storage and also functions as
an insulator.
Nucleic acid - Answer polymers of nucleotides, DNA/RNA.
Nucleotide - Answer composed of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. nitrogen
base dictates the identity of the monomer. (A, C, G, T, U)
Buffer - Answer compound composed of a weak acid and it's conjugate base that prevents sharp
changes in pH level
Central Dogma - Answer DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Messenger RNA - Answer RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino
acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
RNA polymerase - Answer enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during
transcription using a DNA strand as a template
