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MO 221 Exam 1 questions reviewed & correctly answered.
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MO 221 Exam 1 questions reviewed &correctly answered.
mandated training ANS -raise supervisors' awareness
standard hiring tests ANS -rely on standard tests of candidates' quality
grievance systems ANS -give candidates a way to challenge supervisors
diversity officer ANS -designate a full-time diversity officer
mentoring and networking ANS -improve candidates' social capital
what is an organization? ANS -• groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose
• collective entities
• collective sense of purpose
what is organizational behavior? ANS -what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations
Kolb's Experiential Learning ANS -concrete experience → reflective observation → abstract
conceptualization → active experimentation
Lewin's Formula ANS -people's behavior (B) at work = a function of the individual (I) and the
environment (E)
• managers and teammates cannot directly control any individual (I), or person's inherent personality,
preferences, and perspectives
• managers and teammates can only control or influence the environment (E), or how they manage and
interact w/ people and structure the work and organizational context
,system 1 thinking (thinking fast) ANS -based on intuition or emotion, and is error-prone
system 2 thinking (thinking slow) ANS -more conscious, logical, and critical, and more reliable
selective attention ANS -the process of directing our awareness to relevant stimuli while ignoring
irrelevant stimuli in the environment
influenced by:
• characteristics of the perceiver (drives, emotions, expectations)
• characteristics of the stimulus (size, intensity, motion, repetition, novelty)
• confirmation bias
fundamental attribution error ANS -tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main
cause of that person's behavior
example: you label a teammate as unreliable because he arrives late to a meeting when in reality he
lives off-campus and was stuck in unexpected traffic
self-serving bias ANS -tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external
factors
example: you credit your good study habits when you get an A on an exam, but claim the test was unfair
if you do poorly
confirmation bias ANS -"tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that
confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses"
example: you have a belief that dogs are better pets than cats; whenever you encounter a dog that is a
great pet, you see this as evidence that dogs are better than cats; you are more likely to
overlook/dismiss cats that seem to be great pets because it is not aligned w/ your prior belief
, "the name-pronunciation effect" ANS -people w/ names that are easier to pronounce are judged more
positively than those w/ difficult-to-pronounce names
implicit bias ANS -the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an
unconscious manner
implicit biases are:
• both favorable and unfavorable assessments
• activated involuntarily w/o our awareness/control
• usually favoring our "in-group" (though not always)
• pervasive: everyone has them (even judges!)
• malleable — they can be unlearned!
shared information bias ANS -a tendency for group members to spend more time and energy discussing
information that multiple members are already familiar w/ (i.e., shared information)
fighting shared information bias ANS -what doesn't work:
• more discussion
• separate review and decision
• bigger team
• more information (but same distribution)
• accountability for decision
• pre-discussion polling
what does work:
• team leader is information manager
• suspend initial judgment
• frame as an information-sharing problem instead of a judgment to be made
• minimize status differences
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