NACE FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 WITH
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Which of these goals should a nurse include in the plan of care for a client who has a sensory alteration
related to blindness?
a. The client will demonstrate techniques that compensate for the visual change, by the time of
discharge.
b. The client will carry out more activities while in the hospital as evidenced by attending group
counseling.
c. The nurse will compensate for the client's visual deficit when performing activities of daily living.
d. The nurse will get the client's approval of the nursing care plan.
a. The client will demonstrate techniques that compensate for the visual change, by the time of
discharge.
By the time of discharge, the patient should demonstrate techniques that compensate for the visual
change. Knowing how to compensate for their impairment will maintain the patient's safety.
Obtaining approval for the plan of care is not specific to a visually-impaired patient. A nurse should
not compensate for the patient's deficit, as the goal should be to increase the patient's independence.
The patient may or may not be able to carry out more activities based on other issues and diagnoses.
A client has a diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia. Which of these foods should a nurse recommend the
client eat to enhance iron absorption of a food?
a. Corn.
b. Celery.
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,c. Green beans.
d. Broccoli.
d. Broccoli.
Among the food choices, broccoli should be recommended to enhance iron absorption because
broccoli contains the highest amount of vitamin C. Vitamin C-rich foods improve iron absorption.
Green beans, corn, and celery are not rich in vitamin C.
A client who has dumping syndrome should be instructed to limit intake of which of these food
substances?
a. Starch.
b. Artificial sweeteners.
c. Protein.
d. Simple sugars.
d. Simple sugars.
Foods high in simple sugars should be avoided because they pass through your stomach quickly and
may cause diarrhea and cramping. Starches, protein, and artificial sweeteners do not need to be
limited.
A client who is on warfarin (Coumadin) sodium therapy should be cautioned to AVOID overconsumption
of which of these foods?
a. Poultry.
b. Green, leafy vegetables.
c. Skim milk.
d. Whole grain breads.
b. Green, leafy vegetables.
Excessive amounts of green, leafy vegetables should be avoided by a client on Coumadin because they
are high in vitamin K, which counteracts the effects of Coumadin. Coumadin is prescribed to prevent
blood clots and thins the blood to flow more easily through narrowed blood vessels. Skim milk, whole
grain breads, and poultry do not contain high amounts of vitamin K.
A nurse emphasizes to a client, who has a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver, the importance of refraining
from alcohol. Which of these understandings should the nurse have about the physiological effects of
alcohol?
a. Alcohol depletes glucagon stored in the liver.
b. Alcohol interferes with the liver's ability to synthesize high-density lipoprotein.
c. Increased stress is placed on the liver in detoxifying alcohol.
d. The production of the liver enzyme glucuronyl transferase is increased by alcohol.
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,c. Increased stress is placed on the liver in detoxifying alcohol.
Increased stress is placed on the liver in detoxifying alcohol. In cirrhosis, the relationship between
blood and liver cells is destroyed. In addition, the scarring within the cirrhotic liver obstructs the flow
of blood through the liver and to the liver cells. The other options are incorrect statements about the
physiological effects of alcohol.
A nurse instructs a client who has type I diabetes mellitus to have an evening snack that contains a meat
or milk exchange. The client's evening snack must contain a selection from the meat or milk exchange
for which of these purposes?
a. To reduce the requirement for exogenous insulin during the night.
b. To prevent the client from experiencing hunger later in the night.
c. To control the evening drop in cortisol production.
d. To avoid early morning hypoglycemia.
d. To avoid early morning hypoglycemia.
The reason that an insulin-dependent client should have an evening snack that contains a meat or
milk exchange is to avoid early morning hypoglycemia. The amount of protein converted to glucose is
quite small, therefore blood glucose levels will remain steady. The other options (controlling the
evening drop in cortisol production, preventing the client from experiencing hunger late in the night,
and reducing the requirement of exogenous insulin during the night) are not the reasons for selecting
an exchange from the meat or milk list for an evening snack.
Before being diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a client's usual weight was
140 lb (54.43 kg). In the four weeks prior to admission, the patient lost 18 lb (8.16 kg). Based on the
data, which of these assessments should a nurse make?
a. The weight loss increases the risk of complications.
b. The weight loss is primarily from a loss of fluid.
c. The initial loss of weight in AIDS patients is followed by stabilization.
d. The client's previous use of drugs has interfered with nutrient absorption.
a. The weight loss increases the risk of complications.
The weight loss increases the risk of complications. Weight loss increases the chances of infections
throughout the body. The body is not strong enough to fight off infections. The other responses (the
weight loss is primarily from a loss of fluid, the client's previous use of drugs has interfered with
nutrient absorption, and the initial loss of weight in AIDS clients is followed by stabilization) are
incorrect interpretations of the weight loss. AIDS wasting syndrome isn't a specific disease. Someone
with AIDS is said to have it when they've lost at least 10% of their body weight, especially muscle.
They may have also had diarrhea for at least a month, or extreme weakness that's not related to an
infection
Of these foods, which would be inappropriate to have for a client who is receiving a bone marrow
transplant?
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, a. Apple pie.
b. Raw apple.
c. Apple juice.
d. Applesauce.
b. Raw apple.
Raw apple would be inappropriate for a client who is receiving a bone marrow transplant (BMT). BMT
recipients are very susceptible to germs that could be transmitted from foods and beverages. The low
microbial diet is one in which specific foods have been excluded in an effort to reduce the risk of
infection, including any fresh fruits, raw vegetables, and uncooked meats. Apple juice, applesauce,
and apple pie are appropriate foods for the client.
When an elderly client is having difficulty eating because of poorly fitting dentures, which of these diets
should that client have?
a. Pureed.
b. Mechanical soft.
c. Full liquid.
d. Bland.
b. Mechanical soft.
Mechanical soft diet would be beneficial for this client. The mechanical soft solid diet is made up of
regular table foods that are soft, moist, and easy to chew and swallow. This diet decreases the
amount of chewing that a person must do while eating; it also allows him or her to have better
control over foods in the mouth. Full liquid, pureed and bland diets would not be the most beneficial
for this client.
When instructing a 24-year-old client who eats only vegetarian foods a nurse should stress the
importance of adequate intake of which of these food substances?
a. Fats.
b. Calcium.
c. Vitamin B12.
d. Cholesterol.
c. Vitamin B12.
In this situation, the nurse should stress the importance of ingesting adequate vitamin B12. Vitamin
B12's primary functions are in the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of a healthy
nervous system. If B12-deficiency occurs, DNA production is disrupted, resulting in anemia. It is not
important for the nurse to stress the importance of adequate calcium, cholesterol, or fats in a
vegetarian diet.
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