MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1. Which of the following does NOT affect the amount of gas in a solution?
A) Solubility of the gas
B) Temperature of the solution
C) The volume of the solution
D) Partial pressure of gas in contact with the solution
E) Presence of other solutes in the solution
2. Which of the following best describes the process of ventilation?
A) The diffusion of gases into and out of the circulatory system
B) The diffusion of gases into and out of tissues where cellular
respiration occurs
C) The movement of oxygen gas through the blood of the circulatory
system
D) The movement of carbon dioxide gas through the blood of the
circulatory system
E) The movement of the respiratory medium past the respiratory
surface
3. At an atmospheric pressure of 1000 mm Hg with 10 percent oxygen, the partial pressure of
oxygen is ________.
A) 182 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 219 mm Hg
D) 120 mm Hg
E) 151 mm Hg
4. A rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a
mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why?
A) The percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at
sea level.
B) The percentage of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher than at
sea level.
C) The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is higher
than at sea level.
D) The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is
lower than at sea level.
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5. Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize ________.
A) active transport
B) endocytosis
C) osmosis
D) extraction of oxygen from the water
E) blood pressure
6. The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by ________.
A) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs
B) the expansion of the rib cage
C) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity with an associated increase in
thoracic pressure
D) the contraction of the diaphragm
E) the closure of the epiglottis
7. What adaptations are observed in trachea and lungs to reduce water loss?
A) The location of the trachea and lungs (inside of the body) reduces water loss.
B) A countercurrent exchange system reduces water loss in animals with either
trachea or lungs.
C) Limbs are used by animals with trachea or lungs to move water over these
structures.
D) Trachea and lungs secrete specialized oxygen-carrying chemicals to reduce
water loss.
8. During exercise when muscle tissues uptake oxygen from the blood, the partial pressure of O2
_________. From cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation, the partial pressure of CO2
___________ and the pH of blood ______________. When the brain detects these changes, it
__________ oxygen delivery and restores its partial pressure.
A) Decreases, increases, increases, decreases.
B) Increases, decreases, increases, decreases.
C) Decreases, decreases, increases, decreases.
D) Decreases, increases, decreases, increases.
E) Decreases, increases, increases, increases.
9. The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in
________.
A) the partial pressure of oxygen
B) the partial pressure of carbon monoxide
C) pH
D) hemoglobin concentration
E) temperature
10. The oxygen content of water increases linearly with an increase in oxygen partial
pressure, whereas the oxygen content of blood increases in a sigmoidal (S-shaped)
fashion. Why?
A) The Bohr shift is stronger in water than in blood.
, lOMoARcPSD|25701531
B) Carbonic anhydrase contributes to carbon dioxide release in blood,
but not water.
C) Hemoglobin shows cooperative oxygen binding.
D) Oxygen is transported equally by hemoglobin and blood plasma.
11. Atria contract ________.
a. during atrial systole
b. during atrial diastole
c. at the beginning of atrial diastole
d. immediately after ventricular systole
12. Which of the four muscular chambers of the human heart directly returns blood
from the systemic circulation?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
13. The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because ________.
A) the capillaries have internal valves that slow the flow of blood
B) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower
cardiac output than the right ventricle
C) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the
cells
D) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total
cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory
system
E) the diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a
high flow rate
14. The pacemaker cells are found in what structure?
A) The ventricles
B) Aorta
C) Left atrium
D) Pulmonary veins
E) Sinoatrial node
15. If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds
drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then ________.
A) most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away
from tissues
B) the pH of the interstitial fluid will increase
C) fluids will tend to accumulate in the interstitial fluid and tissues
D) plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries
E) hemoglobin will not release oxygen
16. Myocardial infarction occurs when ________.
A) arteries harden or lose their elasticity
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