A patient with chronic kidney disease is being monitored for electrolyte imbalances. Which electrolyte is most likely to be elevated?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
Answer: B) Potassium
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effective...
A patient with chronic kidney disease is being monitored for electrolyte imbalances. Which
electrolyte is most likely to be elevated?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium
Answer: B) Potassium
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively,
leading to hyperkalemia.
Question 2
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory value is most
indicative of worsening kidney function?
A) Decreased creatinine
B) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C) Increased serum creatinine
D) Increased glucose
Answer: C) Increased serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a key indicator of kidney function. An increase indicates a
decline in the glomerular filtration rate.
Question 3
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
A) Produce hormones
B) Filter waste from the blood
C) Regulate blood pressure
D) Maintain electrolyte balance
Answer: B) Filter waste from the blood
Rationale: The kidneys filter waste products from the blood, a crucial function in maintaining
homeostasis.
,Question 4
A patient with nephrotic syndrome presents with edema. Which dietary modification should the
nurse recommend?
A) High-protein diet
B) Low-sodium diet
C) High-sodium diet
D) Low-carbohydrate diet
Answer: B) Low-sodium diet
Rationale: A low-sodium diet helps manage edema by reducing fluid retention.
Question 5
A patient is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which symptom is most
characteristic of a UTI?
A) Flank pain
B) Hematuria
C) Urinary frequency
D) Nocturia
Answer: C) Urinary frequency
Rationale: Increased urinary frequency is a common symptom of a UTI due to bladder irritation.
Question 6
A nurse is educating a patient about renal stone prevention. Which statement by the patient
indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I should drink plenty of fluids."
B) "I can eat as much salt as I want."
C) "I will limit foods high in oxalate."
D) "I need to monitor my calcium intake."
Answer: B) "I can eat as much salt as I want."
Rationale: A diet low in salt is recommended to help prevent kidney stones.
Question 7
, During a routine assessment, a nurse finds that a patient has a urine specific gravity of 1.020.
What does this indicate?
A) Dehydration
B) Overhydration
C) Normal hydration status
D) Kidney disease
Answer: C) Normal hydration status
Rationale: A specific gravity of 1.020 is within the normal range, indicating adequate hydration.
Question 8
Which medication is commonly used to treat hypertension in patients with chronic kidney
disease?
A) Furosemide
B) Metoprolol
C) Lisinopril
D) Atorvastatin
Answer: C) Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is often prescribed for hypertension and has renal
protective effects.
Question 9
What is the best way to confirm a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?
A) Urinalysis
B) CT scan
C) Kidney biopsy
D) Ultrasound
Answer: C) Kidney biopsy
Rationale: A kidney biopsy provides definitive information about the presence and extent of
glomerulonephritis.
Question 10
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