PPO Final Exam Part #1 Questions & Answers (GRADED A+)
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Course
PPO F
Institution
PPO F
What is physical size ? - ANSWERnormally reported in millimeters or centimeters
What is visual size? - ANSWERmeasured in angular units (degrees, minutes of arc, or minarc)
What are the vision standards for refer/pass for kids under 6years or younger? - ANSWERRefer if its 20/50 or worse in eit...
PPO Final Exam Part #1 Questions & Answers
(GRADED A+)
What is physical size ? - ANSWERnormally reported in millimeters or centimeters
What is visual size? - ANSWERmeasured in angular units (degrees, minutes of arc, or minarc)
What are the vision standards for refer/pass for kids under 6years or younger? - ANSWERRefer if its
20/50 or worse in either eye. If there is a two line difference, or if there are any complaints or
symptoms.
What are the vision standards for refer/pass for kids over 6 years or younger? - ANSWERRefer if
20/40 or worse in either eye. If there is a two line difference or if there is any significant signs or
symptoms.
What are the most common causes of Reduced VA in children? - ANSWERametropia, amblyopia,
child is uncooperative, frightened or distracted
How do yo perform visual acuity at distance? - ANSWERset up distance at 10 feet away. instruct the
patient to cover left eye first and read the line above the blue tape. if they can't then have them go
up. then have the cover the other eye and read that same line backwards. record.
How do you perform visual acuity at near? - ANSWERMeasure 40 cm away from the patient's
forehead and instruct them to hold the near vision card. have them cover their left eye first and read
the line above the blue tape. then have them cover the other eye and read the same line backwards.
adjust if neccessary . record.
How do you perform the Plus Lens Test ? - ANSWERHave student read the two lines above the best
VA testing. Hold a pair of +2.50 sphere lenses in front of both eyes. Ask the child to read the line of
20/30 letters even if they have to guess. If they can read more than half of the 20/30 letters without
squinting then there is hyperopia. (Considered a Refer)
How do you perform the cover test at distance? - ANSWERdo unilateral first. cover the OD first
observe OS. keep on the occluder for 2-3 seconds then remove for 2-3 seconds. repeat to make sure
, observations were accurate. do the same to the other eye. then do the alternating cover test. start
by breaking fusion then alternate 2-3 seconds on each eye.
How do you perform the cover test at near? - ANSWERHave them fixate then do unilateral first and
then second the alternating
Eye movement during the unilateral cover test indicates ... - ANSWERthat the eye has a tropia.
Eye movement during the alternating cover test indicates ... - ANSWERthat the eye has a phoria only
present when fusion is broken always shared by the two eyes
What is the purpose of the cover test? - ANSWERidentify a misalignment of the eyes which can lead
to amblyopia in children.
What is the purpose of the EOM H test? - ANSWERPurpose to test full / normal extra ocular muscle
testing. detects poor or absent innervation or restriction of or more EOMs
How do you perform the EOM H test? - ANSWERAsk them to remove spectacles (if applicable).
Present the target at 40 cm in front of the child. start in the primary position. instruct the patient to
"follow the bird with your eyes; do not move your head". Also: "if you have any pain or if you see two
birds let me know". move in a slow smooth horizontal position. look at the eyes
What is the purpose of the EOM O test? - ANSWERUsed to identify problems with smooth pursuits
(smooth eye tracking movements)
How do you perform the EOM O test? - ANSWERAsk them to put on their glasses (if needed). instruct
them to look / fixate on something. perform at 40cm. Follow the bird with your eyes not your head.
complete the circular rotation in a circle. 1 rotation in each direction
How do you perform the NPC test? - ANSWER
How do you perform the Stereopsis test? - ANSWERwith the random dot e cards. ask them to put on
the glasses. show the patient the cards and ask them to point to the E. after showing them the
blankE first. then switch to the model E. switch them behind your back and ask 4 times. pass is 3 or
more correct out of 4
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