What is anthropology? - Answer-the study of humankind, from its beginnings millions of years ago to the present day
-from the Greek anthropos ("human") and logia ("study")
4 fields of anthropology - Answer-archaeology, physical (or biological) anthropology, sociocultural anthropology, linguist...
Anthropology Exam 1 Questions with
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What is anthropology? - Answer-the study of humankind, from its beginnings millions of
years ago to the present day
-from the Greek anthropos ("human") and logia ("study")
4 fields of anthropology - Answer-archaeology, physical (or biological) anthropology,
sociocultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology
archaeology - Answer-Study of past cultures through their material remains
studies: Fossils, Tools, Built structures, Waste,
-Historical archeology: may use written records
physical (or biological) anthropology - Answer-Study humans from a biological
perspective.
studies: Paleoanthropology (Biological processes of human adaptation), Human
variation (Physiological differences among modern humans), Primatology (Study of
apes for clues about the human species), Forensics
Forensic Anthropology - Answer-Study and identification of skeletized or badly
decomposed human remains.
-FACES lab at LSU (Forensic Anthropology and Computer Enhancement Services)
sociocultural anthropology - Answer-The study of human society and culture
-Fieldwork (living among a group of people to study them)
-Participant observation (participating in a given society but also observing social
behavior and cultural beliefs - combines subjective and objective views, etic and emic
perspectives
a culture vs a society - Answer-culture-the set of learned behaviors and ideas that
human beings acquire as members of a given society or community
society-any more or less complex group of people, aka a community.
**Today we tend to refer to the group as a society and use culture to refer to beliefs and
practices (i.e., the Gebusi are a society, not a culture)
Linguistic Anthropology - Answer-Interdisciplinary, Cultural beliefs about language,
Culturally-patterned ways of using language, Language use in context, Speakers as
social actors
Applied Anthropology "Fifth" Field - Answer-Analyzes social, political and economic
problems and develops solutions, Often involves collaboration with community
members, Can involve any subfield of anthropology (or several)
, EX:Cultural anthropologists have been instrumental in improving the welfare of tribal
and indigenous peoples
Paul Farmer - Answer-Well-known Applied Anthropologist
-Conducted research for dissertation on AIDS in Haiti
-Created an organization called Partners in Health
AAA film anthropology jobs - Answer-Areas of applied: sociocultural, archaeology,
medical (farmers), business and corporate, visual, environmental, linguistics, museums,
forensics
Sociocultural: violence against women (Rupaleem Bhuyam) ways to expand social
policy, worked to develop to support refugee women that are victims of domestic
violence. Mary Roaf focuses on helping children and youth in economically
inadvantaged cultures. Ferrel Secakuku is a farmer for his tribe in Arizona. Marc
Clausen helps at-risk children Vietnamese and Cambodian youth.
emic - Answer-Insider's view
How people in a given community view their society and culture
Describes the organization and meaning a culture's practices have for its members
Etic - Answer-Outsider or analyst's view
How the anthropologist views a given community's social organization and cultural
beliefs and practices
Tries to determine the causes of particular cultural patterns that may be beyond the
awareness of the culture being studied
May involve comparison with researcher's society and culture or other known societies
and cultures
What is ethnocentrism? - Answer-Belief that one's culture is better, more natural than all
other cultures
-Most human beings are at least somewhat ethnocentric
What is cultural relativity? - Answer-Understanding values and customs in terms of the
culture of which they are a part
Looking for the cultural logic in which certain practices making sense
Who are the Nacirema? - Answer-Miner describes the Nacirema, a little-known tribe
living in North America
-actually corresponds to modern-day Americans of the mid-1950s
What is Nacirema culture like? - Answer-Miner presents the Nacirema as a group living
in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and
the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. The paper describes the typical Western ideal for
oral cleanliness, as well as providing an outside view on hospital-care and on
psychiatry.
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