Anthropology Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
adaptations - Answer-genetic, long-term/short-term, technological
anthropology - Answer-the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors
holism - Answer-all-inclusive study of the whole human condition; biology, society,
language, and culture
enculturation - Answer-direct or indirect instructions by which culture is learned
four subfields of anthropology - Answer-cultural (a learned set of values), archaeology
(material remains), biological (the biological diversity in time and space), linguistic
(communication)
paleoecology - Answer-ecosystems of the past
applied anthropology - Answer-application of anthropological data to solve
contemporary problems
cultural resource management - Answer-preserving sites or allowing destruction if
insignificant
qualitative - Answer-small sample sizes, more depth of data (anthro approach)
quantitative - Answer-large sample sizes, many points of data (sociology approach)
ethnology - Answer-based on cross-cultural comparisons and results of ethnography
ethnography - Answer-based on fieldwork and inherently comparative
participant observation - Answer-living in or participating in culture that is being
observed
Bronislaw Malinowski - Answer-Polish, studied in London, the "father" of anthropology,
went to Trobriand Islands,
1. cut self off from own people
2. immerse self in social world under study
3i. patterns, structures, anatomy of social life
3ii. details of everyday life, imponderabilia
3iii. telling set of anecdotes (Corpus Inscriptionum)
rapport - Answer-good relationships based on contact
, emic - Answer-local or insider's perspective
etic - Answer-external, analytical, comparative, outsider's perspective
genealogical method - Answer-document family trees, communal residence
key cultural informants - Answer-gatekeepers in control of access to events and people
life history - Answer-document stages of life, experiences, exemplary, common, intimate
cultural portrait
longitudinal research - Answer-long-term study of an area with repeated visits
problem-oriented research - Answer-trying to find an answer; you go with a problem in
mind
multi-sited ethnography - Answer-project based on a number of different sites
team research - Answer-member of a team
ethics - Answer-informed consent
questionnaire - Answer-respondents fill out forms
survey research - Answer-sampling impersonal data collection/statistical analysis
naive realism - Answer-thinking people everywhere have the same reality
E.B. Taylor's definition of culture - Answer-Taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that
complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
distinctive features of culture - Answer-learned
shared
contested (ideal vs. real)
symbolic
shapes and channels nature
all-encompassing
integrated
adaptive vs. maladaptive
changing
inclusive and exclusive
acculturation - Answer-colonization; forcing of one culture on another, ongoing
exchange through firsthand contact
Questions and Answers
adaptations - Answer-genetic, long-term/short-term, technological
anthropology - Answer-the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors
holism - Answer-all-inclusive study of the whole human condition; biology, society,
language, and culture
enculturation - Answer-direct or indirect instructions by which culture is learned
four subfields of anthropology - Answer-cultural (a learned set of values), archaeology
(material remains), biological (the biological diversity in time and space), linguistic
(communication)
paleoecology - Answer-ecosystems of the past
applied anthropology - Answer-application of anthropological data to solve
contemporary problems
cultural resource management - Answer-preserving sites or allowing destruction if
insignificant
qualitative - Answer-small sample sizes, more depth of data (anthro approach)
quantitative - Answer-large sample sizes, many points of data (sociology approach)
ethnology - Answer-based on cross-cultural comparisons and results of ethnography
ethnography - Answer-based on fieldwork and inherently comparative
participant observation - Answer-living in or participating in culture that is being
observed
Bronislaw Malinowski - Answer-Polish, studied in London, the "father" of anthropology,
went to Trobriand Islands,
1. cut self off from own people
2. immerse self in social world under study
3i. patterns, structures, anatomy of social life
3ii. details of everyday life, imponderabilia
3iii. telling set of anecdotes (Corpus Inscriptionum)
rapport - Answer-good relationships based on contact
, emic - Answer-local or insider's perspective
etic - Answer-external, analytical, comparative, outsider's perspective
genealogical method - Answer-document family trees, communal residence
key cultural informants - Answer-gatekeepers in control of access to events and people
life history - Answer-document stages of life, experiences, exemplary, common, intimate
cultural portrait
longitudinal research - Answer-long-term study of an area with repeated visits
problem-oriented research - Answer-trying to find an answer; you go with a problem in
mind
multi-sited ethnography - Answer-project based on a number of different sites
team research - Answer-member of a team
ethics - Answer-informed consent
questionnaire - Answer-respondents fill out forms
survey research - Answer-sampling impersonal data collection/statistical analysis
naive realism - Answer-thinking people everywhere have the same reality
E.B. Taylor's definition of culture - Answer-Taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that
complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
distinctive features of culture - Answer-learned
shared
contested (ideal vs. real)
symbolic
shapes and channels nature
all-encompassing
integrated
adaptive vs. maladaptive
changing
inclusive and exclusive
acculturation - Answer-colonization; forcing of one culture on another, ongoing
exchange through firsthand contact
