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Linguistic Anthropology exam 1 Questions with Complete Solutions
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Language Constraints (on human language) - Answer-biological structures and cognitive structures biological structures - Answer-structures associated with the apparatus of language production and perception: what sounds humans are capable of producing, hearing and differentiating between Cogn...

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  • October 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • linguistic anthropology exam 1 questions with comp
  • language constraints on human language answer

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Linguistic Anthropology exam 1
Questions with Complete Solutions
Language Constraints (on human language) - Answer-biological structures and
cognitive structures

biological structures - Answer-structures associated with the apparatus of language
production and perception: what sounds humans are capable of producing, hearing and
differentiating between

Cognitive structures - Answer-there appears to be a limited range of structures that all
languages use in different ways, and this may be related to the way the human brain
works

Linguistic anthropology - Answer-study of human language as part of human culture.
Study of ways that human beings use language to create a cultural model of the world
and how that model influences the way they live their lives

Sociolinguistics - Answer-study of language and society, how language helps to divide
people into social groups, and how these linguistically based power divisions change or
are maintained

Theoretical linguistics - Answer-focuses on underlying structures and features to help
you understand the nature of human language

*abstracted from use of language
* least engaged with actual human beings
*Not interested in cultural or social contexts; focused on "ideal" language use
*Often collect data out of context (ex. Asking native speakers to judge whether a
particular sentence structure feels right)

Etic view - Answer-the view from outside the system (outsiders view)

Emic view - Answer-the view from inside the system (native speakers view)

Phonetics - Answer-study of sounds of human language

Phonology - Answer-aka phonemics- study of sound systems in particular languages

Morphology - Answer-study of word formation and the "parts" of words

Syntax - Answer-study of how words relate to each other in a language ("grammar")

, semantics - Answer-study of word meanings; not just "dictionary definitions," but also
the underlying meaning of words (how meaning is structured in a particular language)

Pragmatics - Answer-study of words-as-actions, the effects of utterances (how we
create actions and meanings of words)

Culture - Answer-a set of things we do / a set of rules that allows us to understand and
interpret what's going on around us- these rules are shared by people in same culture,
so they often have similar interpretations

Functions of language (Ahearn) - Answer-language is "multifunctional"- describes the
different work that language does. (expressive, conative, referential, poetic, phatic,
metalinguistic)

Expressive - Answer-to convey emotion

Conative - Answer-to give commands, directly address

Referential - Answer-to convey "facts" and observations

Poetic - Answer-focused on the form of the message

Metalinguistic function - Answer-"language about language"

Phatic function - Answer-what you say in conversation/ to be polite... can you hear me?
how are you?

Match guise test - Answer-- tested different accents (in addition to languages) to find out
how people evaluated English speakers w/ and without a Jewish accent.
- Tested Montreal ppl, English speakers in United Kingdom, few years later tested
Scottish and English accents in UK

Phonetics - Answer-focuses on identification and description of human language
sounds

Phones - Answer-basic units of sound in a human language (they are put in [ ])

Acoustic phonetics (acoustics) - Answer-studies properties of speech sound waves

Auditory phonetics - Answer-studies perception of language sounds

Articulatory phonetics - Answer-studies production of language sounds

Phonological system - Answer-includes all of the differences that are SIGNIFICANT to
speakers of a PARTICULAR language

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