Term 1 of 132
Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation program
for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss?
A.Development of cognitive skills
B.Development of social skills
C.Parent-mediated auditory stimulation
D.Gestural stimulation
Option (C) is correct. For an infant known to have a hearing loss, parents are in the best
position to provide consistent auditory stimulation, which the infant needs in order to
develop an awareness of sound.
Option (C) is correct. Velopharyngeal closure is largely produced by soft palate elevation,
and the only muscle in the list that produces soft palate depression (the opposite of soft
palate elevation) is the palatoglossus.
Option (B) is correct. A child with childhood apraxia of speech does not have difficulties
with chewing, eating, and swallowing, whereas a child with flaccid dysarthria is likely to
have such difficulties.
Option (C) is correct. Manual depression of the larynx will serve to lengthen the vocal
folds, allowing them to vibrate at a lower frequency.
,Term 2 of 132
Michael is a 32-month-old boy who has been receiving early intervention services over the past
ten months for delayed speech and expressive-language development. Although his birth was
reportedly unremarkable, Michael does have a history of recurrent otitis media with effusion. His
parents described him as having been a "well-behaved and quiet baby." When Michael began
receiving services, he communicated mainly through gestures and crude vocalizations. An open
resting mouth position with slight tongue protrusion was sometimes noted. However, his
receptive-language skills were found to be age appropriate and he showed no oral motor deficits
during feeding. Michael's expressive-language skills have shown some progress since he began
working with the speech-language pathologist, but he remains poorly intelligible. Michael's
imitation of tongue, lip, and jaw movements is characterized by inconsistent groping and errors of
sequencing not observed in his spontaneous oral movements. Michael has an age-appropriate
vocabulary and produces utterances of up to five words. Articulation errors, especially metathesis
of phones and syllables, increase as his utterance length increases. Michael's intelligibility is
greatest at the single-word level. Automatic speech and highly familiar utterances are much more
intelligible than his imitated productions.
Given Michael's age, which of the following is likely to be the most effective strategy for speech
and language intervention?
A.Using structured play to address short-term goals
B.Facilitating Michael's ability to self-monitor his speech
C.Instructing Michael's parents in structured home exercises for their son
D.Introducing augmentative and alternative communication devices
Option (C) is correct. Computer software and other aids are intended not to replace
treatment sessions provided by an SLP but rather to enhance clients' opportunities to
improve their skills in relation to goals established by the clinician.
Option (A) is correct. Toddlers and preschoolers respond better to games and play
activities than to structured exercises.
Options (A), (B), and (D) are correct. Prolonged speech, deliberate regulation of speech
motor movements, and pullout could all be appropriately applied.
Option (C) is correct. The client's language reflects the word-finding difficulties of an
individual with aphasia. Treatment to remediate his difficulties is appropriate.
,Definition 3 of 132
Option (A) is correct. The most serious shortcoming of imitation as an intervention strategy is that
imitation is not an intentionally communicative act.
The most serious limitation of employing imitation as an intervention strategy for children
with a language impairment is that imitation
Which of the following, if observed in the speech of an African American child, is most
likely to represent a dialectical variation rather than an articulation error?
A./f/ for /θ/ in postvocalic position
B./θ/ for /s/ in all positions
C.Affricates for fricatives in word-final position
D.Dentals for velars in word-initial position
Treatment for apraxia of speech most appropriately emphasizes
A.coordination of respiration with phonation and articulation
B.auditory discrimination, resonance, and respiration
C.auditory-visual stimulation, oral-motor repetition, and phonetic placement
D.rate of speech, range of movement, strength, and coordination of the oral mechanism
Which of the following would be most likely to help a client who has aphonia?
A.Development of phonation through coughing or throat clearing
B.Pairing the production of /s/ and /z/
C.Respiratory exercises
D.Easy initiation of phonation
, Term 4 of 132
A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music with an overall level of 100 dB
SPL will most likely produce
A.tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies
B.tinnitus and a distortion of speech perception
C.a temporary threshold shift in the low frequencies
D.a permanent threshold shift
Option (B) is correct. Impaired attention and impaired memory are consistent with the brain
injury sustained by the client. There is no evidence for any of the other areas of potential
deficit listed in the other choices.
Option (A) is correct. A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music at a
level of about 100 dB SPL will most likely produce tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in
the high frequencies.
Option (A) is correct. Using chronological age as a performance criterion for a child with
Down syndrome would make the child's language disorders seem more pronounced than
they are.
Option (A) is correct. A 4-year-old typically developing child would have 4 word utterances
and would respond to his name consistently. Most children start to walk around age 1.
Therefore, the delay in walking, along with the delay in language, indicates a general
developmental delay.
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