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NCE/CPCE SIMPLIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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NCE/CPCE SIMPLIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Human Growth and Development Erikson Psychodynamic, stage theorist 8 Psychosocial Stages of Development: trust vs. mistrust (birth-18mo), autonomy vs. shame and doubt (18mo-3), initiative vs. guilt (3-5), industry vs infe...

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  • October 12, 2024
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NCE/CPCE SIMPLIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS


Human Growth and Development


Erikson


Psychodynamic, stage theorist

8 Psychosocial Stages of Development: trust vs. mistrust (birth-18mo), autonomy vs. shame and doubt

(18mo-3), initiative vs. guilt (3-5), industry vs inferiority (5-13), identity vs. role confusion (13-21),

intimacy vs isolation (21-39), generativity vs. stagnation (40-65), ego integrity vs. despair (65+)


Freud


Psychodynamic, stage theorist

5 Psychosexual Stages: oral (birth-1), anal (1-3), latency (3-5 until 12), genital (adol to adult)

superego, ego, id

ego defense mechanisms: repression, displacement, projection, reaction formation, sublimation,

rationalization

Manifest content of a dream is the surface meaning or events in a dream


Freud - Defense Mechanisms

Repression, Displacement, Projection, Reaction Formation, Sublimation, Rationalization, Identification,

Suppression or Denial

,Repression (most important): something that is too painful to face is forgotten

Displacement: taking your anger out on a safe target rather than the source

Projection: you can't accept a quality about yourself so you attribute it to others

Reaction formation: denying an unacceptable unconscious impulse by acting in the opposite manner

Sublimation (cited w career couns): express an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable manner

Rationalization: when a person overrates or underrates an outcome or reward

Identification: joining a feared person (ex: a gang) to relieve your anxiety, identifying w a cause with the

unconscious hope they will be successful

Suppression or Denial: when you purposely don't think of a situation


Kohlberg


Stage theorist

3 Stages of Moral Development: preconventional (up to age 9) (punishment/obedience and naive

hedonism (aka instrumental or egotistic), conventional (most adol and adults) (good boy/good girl and

authority, law and order), postconventional (10-15%) (social contract and universal ethical principles)


Margaret Mahler


Stage theorist, Separation-individual theory of child development (difficulties in the symbiotic

relationship can result in adult psychosis)

one of the main contributors to the field of "ego psychology"


Piaget


Stage theorist, Four Stages of Cognitive Development (Genetic Epistemology): Sensorimotor (birth-2) (5

senses), Preoperational (2-7) (think symbolically), Concrete Operational (7-12) (conservation), Formal

Operations (12+) (abstract scientific thinking)

,Robert J. Havinghurst


Stage theorist, Developmental tasks: infancy and early childhood (walking, eating solid foods), middle

childhood (6-12) (getting along with peers), adol (12-18) (prep for marriage and career), early adulthood

(19-30) (selecting a partner, family), middle ages (30-60) (assisting teenage children to become

responsible), later maturity (60+) (death of a partner and retirement)


William Perry


Stage theorist, Dualistic thinking (good or bad and right or wrong), Relativism (not everything is right or

wrong), relativistic thinking (not everything is right or wrong)

College students


Arnold Gesell


Maturational-developmental theory, devel determined by genetics, the Cyclical Spiral (growth progresses

through predictable sequences)


Maturation Hypothesis


Heredity guides behavior but only at the right time or under the appropriate stimuli

Suggests that heredity guides behavior but only at the right time or under the appropriate stimuli. For

example, a baby has all of the innate resources they need to master language but will only do so when

this step is developmentally possible.

It does not suggest that heredity guides behavior without reference to the environment, only when

social cues are present, or only when homeostasis is available.


Bandura

, Modeling, Social Cognitive Learning Theory/Social Learning Theory (children learn socially through

observation, modeling, imitation, and is influenced by factors such as attention, motivation, attitudes,

and emotions)


Bowlby


Bonding, Attachment theory (unlearned), Internal Working Model (cog representations of themselves)


Daniel Levinson


Season's of a Man's Life, midlife crisis, 4 Major Transitions: pre-adulthood (birth-22), early adult

transition (17-22), age 30 transition (28-33), midlife transition (41-60), late adulthood (60+)


Diana Baumring


Parenting Styles: authoritarian (strict), authoritative (equals), permissive (passive)


Eleanor Gibson


Visual Cliff, depth perception in humans in inherent (innate trait)


Harry Harlow


Rhesus monkeys, attachment is an innate tendency


Lorenz


Critical periods, Imprinting (rapid learning during a critical period), Innate Aggression Theory (we are

naturally aggressive)


Mary Ainsworth

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