cell cycle - ANSWERSthe life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells
genome - ANSWERSa cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information
chromosomes (2) - ANSWERS1. structures with DNA molecules packaged in
2. ...
Biology 1305 Chapter 12 Questions &
Answers
cell cycle - ANSWERSthe life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a
parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells
genome - ANSWERSa cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information
chromosomes (2) - ANSWERS1. structures with DNA molecules packaged in
2. consist of one very long, linear DNA molecule associated with many proteins, which
carries genes
genes - ANSWERSthe units of information that specify an organism's inherited traits
chromatin - ANSWERSthe entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building
material of chromosomes
somatic cells - ANSWERScontain 46 chromosomes, made up of two sets of 23, one set
inherited from each parent
gametes - ANSWERSreproductive cells - sperm and eggs - have one set of
chromosomes (23)
sister chromatids (2) - ANSWERS1. joined copies of the original chromosome
2. each contain an identical DNA molecule
cohesins - ANSWERSprotein complexes that join sister chromatids all along their
lengths at attachments called sister chromatid cohesions
centromere - ANSWERSa region of the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is
attached most closely to its sister chromatid
mitosis - ANSWERSthe division of the genetic material in the nucleus
cytokinesis - ANSWERSthe division of the cytoplasm
meiosis (3) - ANSWERS1. how you produce gametes
2. yields daughter cells with only one set of chromosomes
3. occurs only in special cells in the ovaries or testes
What are crucial to normal growth, development, and maintenance? - ANSWERSThe
timing snd rate if cell division in different parts of a plant or animal
, Cell cycle control system (2) - ANSWERS1. Direct the sequential events of the cell
cycle
2. A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates
key events in the cell cycle
Checkpoint - ANSWERSA control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead
signals can regulate the cycle
What pace the sequential events of the cell cycle - ANSWERSRhythmic fluctuations in
the abundance and activity of cell cycle control molecules
Regulatory molecules (2) - ANSWERS1. Protein kinases
2. Cyclins
Protein kinases - ANSWERSEnzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by
phosphorylating them
Cyclin (2) - ANSWERS1. Activate protein kinases
2. A protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell
Cyclin-dependent kinases (2) - ANSWERS1. Kinases that require a cyclin to become
active
2. Their activity rises and falls with changes in the concentration of its cyclin partner
Maturation-promoting factor (4) - ANSWERS1. M-phase-promoting factor
2. Triggers the cell's passage into the M phase past the G2 checkpoint
3. Acts both directly as a kinase and indirectly by activating other kinases
4. During anaphase, switches itself off by initiating a process that leads to the
destruction of its own cyclin
Restriction point (2) - ANSWERS1. The G1 checkpoint in mammalian cells
2. Seems to be the most important
G0 phase - ANSWERSA nondividing state that occurs if a cell does not receive a go-
ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint
Anaphase (2) - ANSWERS1. The separation of sister chromatids
2. Does not begin until all the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle at the
metaphase plate
Separase (2) - ANSWERS1. Enzyme that cleaves the cohesins, allowing the sister
chromatids to separate
2. Ensures that daughter cells do not end up with missing or extra chromosomes
Growth factor - ANSWERSA protein released by certain cells that stimulate other cells
to divide
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