Exam (elaborations)
PN 150 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PN 150 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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4 D's of negligence - ANSWER must exist to prove professionalnegligence or malpractice
Duty- must be proved that the nurse owed a duty of care to the accusing
patient
Dereliction- there must be evidence that the nurse's actions did not meet
the standard of care required or that care was totally omitted
Damages- actual injury to patient must be evident
Direct Cause- causal relationship must be established between harm to
the patient and the actions or omitted acts of a nurse
Accountability - ANSWER willingness to accept responsibility for one's
actions
provide safe patient care and address potential problems
Advocacy - ANSWER supporting or promoting the interests of others
requires nurses to focus on patients' needs and benefits
Assault - ANSWER threat of bodily harm or violence caused by a
demonstration of force by the perpetrator.
Feeling of imminent harm or feeling of immediate danger must exist for
assault to be claimed.
Autocratic leader - ANSWER authoritarian leader exercises strong
control over subordinates.
Demands respect and obedience from employees.
, Assumes that employees are motivated by the need for approval by the
supervisor and the need to avoid punishment.
Useful in crisis situations to have a leader that takes control and directs
other members of the health care team
Autonomy - ANSWER self-determination, is the freedom to make
decisions supported by knowledge and self-confidence
Nurses promote autonomy when they include patients in the process of
developing care plans
Nurses act autonomously when they stand up for their beliefs in critical
situations
Battery - ANSWER actual physical harm. The treat to hurt someone is
carried out.
Examples: performing surgery w/o informed consent or inserting an IV or
urinary catheter against the will of a patient may classify as battery.
Beneficence - ANSWER defined as doing good.
Nurses demonstrate beneficence when acting on behalf of others and
placing a priority on the needs of others rather than in personal thoughts
and feelings
Example: a nurse is assigned an incarcerated murderer or rapist. The
concept of beneficence necessitates providing care for the prisoner
without reproach.
Bureaucratic leader - ANSWER assumes that employees are motivated
by external forces, like the autocratic leader.
Relies on policies and procedures to set goals and work processes.
Exercises power on basis of established rules.
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