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Exam (elaborations)

D027 Pathopharm Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

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  • D027

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) a rise in heart rate >30 beats/min or by a heart rate >120 beats/min within 10 minutes of being in the upright position Small fiber neuropathy that impacts sudomotor nerves High levels of norepinephrine when standing POTS s/s 2+ of the...

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  • October 12, 2024
  • 29
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • D027
  • D027
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MASTER01
1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




D027 Pathopharm Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)


✓ a rise in heart rate >30 beats/min or by a heart rate >120 beats/min

within 10 minutes of being in the upright position




Small fiber neuropathy that impacts sudomotor nerves




High levels of norepinephrine when standing




POTS s/s


✓ 2+ of the following:




HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, exhaustion,

fatigue, abd pain, bloating, nausea, brain fog, headache, blurred vision,

insomnia, feet/hand discoloration, exercise intolerance




POTS Dx criteria


✓ 10 min standing test

Head up tilt table test

Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

HR/BP measurements: supine > standing at 2/5/10 min


Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART)


Measure sweat glands


Sweat test, skin bx for small fiber nerves.




POTS tx


✓ Blood volume expansion

Meds to reduce HR (beta blockers)


Peripheral constriction meds


Meds to target specific symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, sleep, and

depression.


Diet- increase water intake and salt to help with volume expansion


PT- start with horizontal or reclining exercises.




Prinzmetal Angina - definition


✓ Transient ischemia at rest caused by *VASOSPASM*

often occurs at night during REM sleep.




What meds do you avoid with Prinzmetal Angina?



Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ Avoid beta-blockers (causes more frequent episodes)




What causes Strep Pharyngitis?


✓ caused by group A streptococcus bacteria, treated by antibiotics

(PCN, Amoxicillin for peds); can be viral or bacterial




Strep Pharyngitis DX


✓ "Rapid strep" antigen testing\nThroat culture

Latex agglutination




epidural hematoma assessment findings


✓ 1. CNIII palsy

2. Lucid interval that progresses to rapid deterioration into unconscious


3. biconvex disk on CT




UTI causes


✓ E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Bacteria in digestive tract cling to opening of urethra




UTI s/s


Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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