Exam (elaborations)
Pathoma Chapter 8 Exam Study Guide Latest Updated Guide 2024/2025
- Course
- Institution
Pathoma Chapter 8 Exam Study Guide Latest Updated Guide 2024/2025
[Show more]
Content preview
Pathoma Chapter 8 Exam Study GuideLatest Updated Guide 2024/2025
Ischemic Heart Disease Definition - ansGroup of syndromes
related to myocardial ischemia
Ischemia - ansDecreased blood flow to an organ
What is the leading cause of death in US? - ansIschemic heart
disease
What usually causes IHD? - ansAtherosclerosis of coronary
arteries, decreasing blood flow to myocardium
What are risk factors for IHD? - ansSimilar to those for
atherosclerosis; incidence increases with age
Stable angina definition - anschest pain that arises with exertion
or emotional stress
What causes stable angina? - ansAtherosclerosis of coronary
arteries with over 70% stenosis, so decreased blood flow can't
meet metabolic demands of the myocardium on exertion
Does stable angina represent reversible or irreversible injury to
myocytes? - ansReversible
What is the hallmark of reversible cell injury? - ansCellular
swelling
How does stable angina present? - ansChest pain lasting less
than 20 minutes that ratiates to left arm/jaw, perhaps with
diaphoresis and shortness of breath
What does an EKG in stable angina show? - ansST segment
depression due to subendocardial ischemia
What area of the heart is most susceptible to damage with
coronary atherosclerosis? - ansSubendocardium
Name the three layers of the heart; in which layer do the
coronary arteries begin? - ansEpicardium; myocardium;
endocardium; coronary arteries begin in the epicardium
,Pathoma Chapter 8 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Guide 2024/2025
How do you relieve stable angina - ansRest or nitroglycerin
What is nitroglycerin's mechanism of action? - ansVasodilation
of arteries and veins
Unstable angina definition - ansChest pain that occurs at rest
Is unstable angina reversible or irreversible injury to myocytes?
- ansReversible (no necrosis)
What usually causes unstable angina - ansRupture of
atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis and incomplete occlusion
of a coronary artery
EKG in unstable angina - ansST-segment depression due to
subendocardial ischemia
How do you relieve unstable angina - ansNitroglycerin
What is the risk of unstable angina - ansProgression to MI
Prinzmetal angina definition - ansEpisodic chest pain unrelated
to exertion but caused by coronary artery vasospasm (artery
clamps down and cuts blood supply)
Is prinzmetal angina reversible or irreversible injury in
myocytes? - ansReversible
What does EKG show in unstable angina and why? - ansST-
segment elevations due to transmural ischemia
What relieves unstable angina - ansNitroglycerin or Ca channel
blockers (to relieve vasospasm)
Myocardial infarction definition - ansNecrosis of cardiac
myocytes
What usually causes MI? Name three lesser causes - ansRupture
of atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis and complete
occlusion of a coronary artery
Other causes: prinzmetal angina, vasculitis, emboli
, Pathoma Chapter 8 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Guide 2024/2025
Is it complete or incomplete occlusion of a coronary artery in
MI? - ansComplete
Clinical features of MI - ansCrushing chest pain for more than
20 minutes that radiates to left arm or jaw, diaphoresis, dyspnea,
symptoms not relieved by nitroglycerin
Does nitroglycerin relieve MI symptoms? - ansNo
What ventricle is usually involved in MI and what ventricles are
usually spared? - ansLV involved usually
RV and both atria are generally spared
What are the three most commonly involved coronary arteries in
MI and what areas of the heart do they affect? - ansLAD: affects
anterior LV wall and anterior septum
Right Circumflex: affects posterior LV wall and posterio septum
and LV papillary muscles
Left Circumflex: affects lateral wall of LV
What part of the myocardial wall does the initial phase of
infarction involve? - ansSubendocardial necrosis involving less
than 50% of the myocardial thickness (ST depressions)
What does continued or severe ischemia in MI cause on EKG,
and why? - ansST segment elevations due to transmural
infarction
What are the two laboratory tests to detect MI? - ansTroponin I
(peaks 2-4 hours after infarction and returns to normal 7-10 days
later)
CK-MB (reinfarction, returns to normal by 72 hours)
What enzyme do you check in reinfarction in under 7-10 days? -
ansCK-MB
Name six treatments for MI - ans1. Aspirin/heparin
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller charleswest. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now