4 types of assessment Correct Answer Initial comprehensive
assessment
Ongoing or partial assessment
Focused/problem oriented assessment
Emergency assessment
Abnormal ankles and feet Correct Answer Laterally deviated
great toe; with bunion on the
medial side with hallux valgus
• Flat feet, high arches, corns and calluses, warts or plantar warts
• Ankle sprains
• Gouty arthritis (tender, painful, red, hot &
swollen toe)
• Rheumatoid arthritis or DJD on joints or heel
• Decreased ROM or muscle strength
• Hammer toe
Abnormal Elbows Correct Answer Redness, heat, &
swelling seen with
bursitis or arthritis
- Firm, nontender nodules
with rheumatoid
arthritis
- Tenderness or pain in
the lateral epicondyle
(tennis elbow) RT
,repetitive movements
- Decreased ROM or strength with disease or injury
Abnormal findings of general status Correct Answer •
Dwarfism: decreased height & skeletal malformations
• Acromegaly: Overgrowth of bones in face, head & hands
• Gigantism: Excessive growth hormone; if occurs before
growth plates increased height
• Anorexia Nervosa: Emaciated appearance, psychosocial issues
• (Exogenous)Obesity: Excessive body fat RT excessive caloric
intake
- Fat distribution is evenly distributed
• Marfan's Syndrome: Tall, thin stature; elongated arms and
fingers, arm span greater than height
• Cushing's Syndrome (Endogenous obesity): Centralized weight
gain
Abnormal Hands & Fingers Correct Answer - Pain, tenderness,
swelling,
deformity with fracture
- Swelling, stiffness,
tenderness in acute RA
with Boutonniere
deformity & Swan‐neck
deformity
- Hard, painless nodules
(Heberden's & Bouchard's
nodes in OA
- Decreased strength with
muscle or joint disease
, Abnormal Hips Correct Answer - Instability, inability to
stand and/or deformed
hip area are indicative of
a fracture
- Groin pulls and
hamstring strains in
athletes
- Limited ROM or strength
- Bursitis of the hip
Abnormal Knees Correct Answer • Genu valgum (knock
knees) or bowed legs
(genu varum)
• Swelling around patella; synovial fluid; medial
bulge
• Osteoarthritis with decreased ROM with
synovial thickening and crepitation (crepitus)
• Flexion contracture (inability to extend knee)
• Pain or clicking with torn meniscus
• Limited ROM or decreased muscle strength
Abnormal Shoulders and Arms Correct Answer Less‐rounded
with
dislocation; muscle atrophy
with nerve/muscle damage or disuse.
- Tenderness, swelling & heat
with shoulder strains or degenerative joint disease
- Painful, limited abduction
with weakness with rotator cuff tear. Chronic pain with
tendinitis.
- Nerve damage: inability to shrug shoulders to resistance
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