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NRSG 3420: FINAL BIG REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
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NRSG 3420: FINAL BIG REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are used to treat cancer? Select all that apply. A. electroconvulsive therapy B. hyperthermia C. surgery D. chemothe...

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  • October 12, 2024
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NRSG 3420: FINAL BIG REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++


A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with cancer. Which therapies are

used to treat cancer? Select all that apply.



A. electroconvulsive therapy

B. hyperthermia

C. surgery

D. chemotherapy

E. radiation therapy

Correct response:

B. hyperthermia

C. surgery

D. chemotherapy

E. radiation therapy




Explanation:

Cancer is frequently treated with a combination of therapies using standardized

protocols. The basic methods used to treat cancer are surgery, radiation therapy,

hyperthermia, and chemotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy is a method of treatment

,for mental distress or illness.



Reference:

Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical

Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 15: Management of

Patients with Oncologic Disorders, p. 334.

During an annual examination, an older client tells the nurse, "I don't understand

why I need to have so many cancer screening tests now. I feel just fine!" Based

on knowledge of neoplastic disease and the aging immune system, what teaching

should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.



A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important

role in reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein,

vitamins, minerals, and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.



B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and

prevent their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not

recognize the tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine

screening increases the chance of finding and treating cancer early.



C. The immune system is integrated with other psychophysiological processes

and is regulated by the brain. Aging of the brain can have immunologic

consequences and can affect neural and endocrine function increasing the risk of

,cancer development.



D. Education about the importance of adhering to a recommended vaccine

schedule should be initiated to boost the immune system function.



E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly

suggests a predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's

inability to differentiate between self and nonself. Routine screening increases

the chance of finding and treating cancer early.

Correct response:

A. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important role in

reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein, vitamins, minerals,

and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.



B. Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent

their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not recognize the

tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine screening increases the

chance of finding and treating cancer early.



E. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly suggests a

predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's inability to differentiate

between self and nonself. Routine screening increases the chance of finding and

treating cancer early.

, Explanation:

Large tumors can release antigens into the blood, and these antigens combine with

circulating antibodies and prevent them from attacking the tumor cells. Furthermore,

tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent their

destruction by killer T lymphocytes. During the early development of tumors, the body

may fail to recognize the tumor antigens as foreign and subsequently fail to initiate

destruction of the malignant cells. The incidence of autoimmune diseases also

increases with age, possibly from a decreased ability of antibodies to differentiate

between self and nonself. Failure of the surveillance system to recognize mutant or

abnormal cells also may be responsible, in part, for the high incidence of cancer

associated with increasing age. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with

increased risk of common cancers. Evidence shows that nutrition plays a role in the

development of cancer and that diet and lifestyle can alter the risk of the development of

cancer and other chronic diseases.



Reference:

Hinkle, J.L., & Cheever, K.H., Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical

Nursing, 14th ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, Chapter 35: Assessment of

Immune Function.

For a cancerous tumor, a client must undergo modified radical mastectomy,

which includes axillary node removal and immediate reconstruction. The nurse

explains to the client that the axillary nodes will be removed to:

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