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NRSG 3420 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED $9.89   Add to cart

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NRSG 3420 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

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NRSG 3420 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Priority nursing diagnoses for cardiac and respiratory patients - hemodynamic instability - impaired gas exchange - fluid/electrolyte imbalance - ineffective airway clearance Cardiac index cardiac outpu...

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  • October 12, 2024
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NRSG 3420 FINAL EXAM REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED


Priority nursing diagnoses for cardiac and respiratory patients

- hemodynamic instability

- impaired gas exchange

- fluid/electrolyte imbalance

- ineffective airway clearance

Cardiac index

cardiac output per body surface area

normal 2.5-4.0L/min/m2

Central venous pressure (CVP)

- Pressure in the SVC, measures right sided heart function

- Normal = 2-8mmHg

- >6 = excessive volume/right sided HF

- <2 = hypovolemia, dehydration

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)

evaluation of LV filling pressure

normal = 6-12mmHg

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

,- average pressure in arteries during 1 cardiac cycle

- normal is >65mmHg, ideal 70-100

- calculation: (SBP + 2DBP)/3

Beta blockers

- BLOCK beats

- dampen sympathetic nervous system response, improves LV remodeling, decreases

reoccurrence of ventricular arrhythmias

- do not use in pts with asthma/other pulmonary diseases. bradycardia, heart block

- slows HR, reduces BP, reduced contractility

Calcium channel blockers

- lowers HR and reduce strength of contraction to reduce workload

- increases O2 supply by dilating arteries and reduces O2 demand by decreasing LV

workload

- ex. amlodipine, diltiazem

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

- "statins"

- inhibits enzyme involved in lipid synthesis --> decreased LDL, triglycerides, total

cholesterol and increased HDL

ACE inhibitors

- inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to II --> lowers peripheral resistance and decreases

BP/afterload

- reduces preload, afterload, and ventricular remodeling

, - indicated for tx of HF, not recommended for initial dx of ADHF

- ex. prils: captopril, lisinopril, enalapril

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

- blocks effects of angiotensin II to reduce peripheral resistance --> decreases BP and

afterload

- sartans: losartan, valsartan

Digoxin

- positive inotrope= improved cardiac contractility--> increased CO

- decreases HR, withhold if HR <60

treatment algorithm for CP/MI

MONA - morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

Inotropic

- force of heart contraction

- positive: digoxin, dobutamine --> improve contractility, increased SV, CO, and O2

demand

- negative: beta blockers, CCBs --> weaken/decrease force of heart contraction

chronotropic

- rate of heart contraction

- positive: epi, atropine

- negative: beta blockers

dromotropic

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