Pitch - ANSWERHow high or low a person's voice is
Fundamental Frequency - ANSWERThe measurement of the number of times a person's vocal folds vibrate per second
Peristalsis - ANSWERContractions in the esophagus that move the bolus down to the lower esophageal sphincter
Aspiration - ANSWERDue to ...
Fundamental Frequency - ANSWERThe measurement of the number of times a person's vocal folds
vibrate per second
Peristalsis - ANSWERContractions in the esophagus that move the bolus down to the lower
esophageal sphincter
Aspiration - ANSWERDue to misdirected bolus. Food penetrates below the level of the vocal folds
and goes into the trachea and enters the lungs
Epiglottis - ANSWERCartilage found in pharyngeal cavity and flips down to cover opening of larynx
during swallowing
accent - ANSWERThe characteristics of speech or variations in pronunciation of a given language.
Esophageal Speech - ANSWERAlternative speaking method that traps air in the esophagus and
"burps" to create vibration
Hard Glottal Attack - ANSWERAbrupt, hard start to speech
Disfluency - ANSWERBreakdown in the forward flow of speech
Dialect - ANSWERRefers to the rules you use to speak a given language
Perceptual - ANSWERIn reference to voice, this is how we describe what we hear
Papilloma - ANSWERWart-like tumor that grows and obstructs airway, caused by a virus
Dysphagia - ANSWERDifficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach
acoustic - ANSWERIn reference to voice, this is what we can measure
culture - ANSWERA set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how
individuals think, act and interact on a daily basis
What is happening with the vocal folds when we produce a high-pitched sound vs. a low-pitched
sound? - ANSWERHigh-pitch = vocal folds are stretched, narrow, long- vibrate faster. Low pitch= VF
are short and fat, vibrate slowly
Nodules or polyps - ANSWERphonotrauma
Spasmodic dysphonia - ANSWERneurological
Granulomas and papillomas - ANSWERorganic
Traumatic laryngitis - ANSWERphonotrauma
Vocal fold paralysis - ANSWERneurological
, cancer - ANSWERorganic
1. Who is more likely to have a voice disorder? (circle one) Men, women, children, elderly -
ANSWERwomen
What are the 4 characteristics of voice production - ANSWERpitch, intensity, resonance, vocal quality
pitch ( perceptual and acoustic) - ANSWER- Perceptual: How high or low a person's voice is. The
number of vocal fold vibrations in each period of time (per second) determined by length, thickness
of VFs
Acoustic: the measurement of the number of times a person's vocal folds vibrates per second is
called Fundamental frequency. Male- 125 Hz, Female- 225-50Hz, children-440Hz
intensity - ANSWER- Perceptual: "loudness" How loud or soft a person's voice is. Related to amount
of subglottal air pressure - changed by altering tension in vocal folds or amount of airflow
Acoustic: measured in decibels
resonance - ANSWER- Perceptual- How much nasality in the voice (hyper or hypo nasal)
Determined by shape and size of vocal tract (oral, nasal, pharyngeal cavities
Acoustic- a little different here; a variety of tasks to determine where sound is resonating
vocal quality - ANSWERPerceptual terms: Whether the voice is rough, breathy, harsh, strained,
strangled Related to laryngeal tension. Acoustic: a few measurements here to measure the "noise" in
one's voice
How are polyps and vocal nodules similar? How are they different? - ANSWER-Different: nodules-
Soft/pliable then hard/fibrous, Bilateral, From habit of vocal abuse. Polyps- Soft stay soft, Unilateral ,
From one event (broken blood vessel)
-Similar: Benign (noncancerous) growths on the vocal folds
Vocal symptoms: voice is breathy & hoarse
Treatment: surgical removal and/or voice therapy
Treatments for stuttering used for children (4x) - ANSWER-Reduce amount of questioning
-Increase positive reinforcement
-Reduce demands (to "perform")
-Use slow-easy-speech
Treatments for stuttering used for adults - ANSWER-Desensitization to the stutter to reduce stigma
-Practice relaxation
-Help decrease avoidance behaviors
-Teach how to modify speech production
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