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CPCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CPCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CPCE EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Empirically validated Treatment or Empirically Supported treatment - Answer-When
counselors do integrate research into practice.
Correlation - Answer-Correlation is simply an association. It is not the same as
causality. The correlation between people who have an umbrella open and rain is very
high, but opening your umbrella does not cause it to rain.
Three types of correlations - Answer-Go from negative 1 to 0 to positive 1. Zero means
no correlation while positive 1 and negative 1 are perfect correlations. A negative .5 is
not higher than a correlation of -.5 In fact, a correlation of -.8 is stronger than a
correlation of .5.
A positive correlation: when x goes up, y goes up. For example, when you study more,
your GPA goes up.
A negative correlation: when x goes up y goes down. For example, the more you brush
your teeth, the less you will be plagued by cavities.
Quantitative research - Answer-when one quanitifes or measures things. It yields
numbers.
Qualitative research - Answer-When does research does not use numberical data
Bubbles - Answer-When research has flaws
What is a true experiment? - Answer-Two or more groups are udes.
What is random sampling? - Answer-People are picked randomly and placed in groups
using random assignment.
Systematic sampling - Answer-where every nth person is chosen can also be used
howere, researchers stillprefer random sampling and random assignment
What is quasi-experimental research? - Answer-When the groups are not picked at
random or the researcher cannot control the IV then it is a quasi rather than a true
experiment. quasi-experimental research does not ensure causality.
What is the independent variable - Answer-The experimental group gets the IV and it is
known as the experimental variable.
what is the DV or dependent variable? - Answer-the outcome data in the study is called
the DV. If we want to see if eating carrots raises one's IQ then eating carrots is the IV
while the IQ scores at the end of the study would be the DV.
,Type I alpha error - Answer-When a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is true.
Type II beta error - Answer-When a research accepts null when it should have been
rejected.
What is significance levels in social science? - Answer-.05 or less (.01 to .001) The
signifcance level gives you the probability of a type 1 error.
N=1 - Answer-a single subject design or case study and thus does not rely on IV, DV,
control group, ect. Case studies are becoming more popular.
Demand characteristics - Answer-evident when subjects in a study have cues regarding
what the researcher deires or does not desire that influence their behavior. This can
counfound an experiment rendering the research inaccurate.
An obtrustive or a reactive measure - Answer-if subjects know they are being observed.
Observers' presence can influence subject's behavior rather than merely the
experimental variable or treatment modality.
Unobtrusive measure - Answer-When subjects are not aware that they are being
measured.
Internal vailidty - Answer-when an experimental has few flaws and thus findings are
accurate. The IV caused the changes in the DV, not some other factor (known as
confounding extraneous variables or artifacts). When internal vaility is low the
researcher didn't measure what he thought he measured.
External validity - Answer-it is high when the results in a study can be generalized to
other settings.
A t test - Answer-a popular parametric test for comparing two means.
ANOVA or analysis of variance - Answer-Also called a one-way ANOVA. used when
you have two or means to compare. The t test and the ANOVA are parametric
measures for normally distributed populations. The ANOVA provides F values and the F
test will tell you if significant differences are present.
MANOVA - Answer-Used when you are investigating more than one DV>
A factorail analysis of variance - Answer-When you are investigating more than one
IV/experimental variable (if you have two IVs it would be called a two-way ANOVA three
IVs a three way ANOVA.)
Chi square - Answer-if the population is not necessarily normal then this nonparametric
test is used. or a Kruskal-wallace can be used.
, Ex post facto or causal comparative design - Answer-if the researcher did not
manipulate the variable and you are looing at after the fact data, the the research is not
a true experiment.
Descriptive statistics - Answer-statistics that describe central tendency like the mean,
median, the mode, the range, quartiles, the variance and the standard deviation.
Statistical analyses - Answer-include correlation, coefficients, t tests, ANOVAs, Analusis
of Covariance, Chi square, Krushal Wallis
Cohort studies - Answer-examine a group of people who have something in common
Longitudinal research - Answer-tkaes place when the same individuals are evaluated
over a period of time.
Cross-sectional research - Answer-Relies on observation or data from a given point in
time.
Formative evaluation - Answer-takes place during treatmetn or while a program is going
on while summative or outcomes evaluations occurs at the end of a program or
treatment (e.g. after the final session of counseling)
Between groups design - Answer-Uses different subjects in the different groups (e.g.
one group of subjects for the control group and another group of subjects for the
experimental group)
Within groups repeated measures design - Answer-uses the same subjects for the
control condition and then at a different time for the IV/experimental conditions.
Scope of practice - Answer-implies that you only practice if you are adequately trained
in a given area or with a given population.
A counselor's duty to warn - Answer-Based on the Tarasoff case. This principle now
states that if a client is going to harm him or herself, somebody else, or both, you will
break confidenctiality and contact the appropriate people (the police, the target person)
to ward off this tragedy.
Dual Relationship - Answer-Could also be called multiple relationships on the exam.
This concept implues that you are a person's helper but you also have another
significant relationship with that person (maybe you are dating them or perhaps they are
a relative or business partner) Such relationships get in the way of objectivity and
should be avoided whenever possible unless the relationship is beneficial to the client.
Priiviledged communications - Answer-Set by the state, law priviledged communication
asserts that you cannot reveal what a client said in session in court unless the client
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