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Forensic (Then) Refers to the place where justice was administered—derived from the
Latin word forum as in a public space, like the market area, plaza, or meeting ground.
Forensic (Now) Defined as any research aimed at the analysis and interpreta...
Forensic (Then) Refers to the place where justice was administered—derived from the
Latin word forum as in a public space, like the market area, plaza, or meeting ground.
Forensic (Now) Defined as any research aimed at the analysis and interpretation of
evidence for a legal investigative process.
The Forensic Method Refers to a now-established systemic approach to documenting,
collecting and interpreting and presenting evidence for presentation in court.
Evidence - Refers to anything that can give or substantiate the information in a legal
investigation.
- The word is derived from the Latin word evidentia "to be visible". The root word in Latin is
videre, "to see".
Evidence is crucial because... 1. It provides a clear direction for investigators who act on
the nature of evidence from leads.
2. The amount of evidence establishes a case's credibility once in court, affecting the position of
both the judge and jury.
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3. Certain types of evidence bring with them the testimony of expert witnesses that can
determine or undermine the outcome of a case
Testimonal evidence In the form of information, evidence can be abstract, derived from an
individuals testimony (from the Latin word tetis meaning witness)
Indirect/Direct Witnesses Indirect witnesses are beyond the crime scene, did not witness a
crime, and may not be aware that a crime has occurred. Direct witnesses are those individuals
who witnessed a crime or are the victims of a crime.
Physical Evidence Evidence that can be seen, touched, extracted, and exhibited constitutes
physical evidence and represents a much broader range of items.
- Physical evidence can be anything manufactured or occurring in nature, from microscopic
fibers, paint chips, and insect larvae to vehicles and machinery.
Associative Evidence Any evidence that places an individual at a scene and/or with a
victim
Class Evidence Evidence that requires classification into a more narrow range
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Includes evidence such as hair, blood, urine, saliva, and semen.
Electronic Evidence Information and data transmitted and/or stored in any electronic
device
Latent Evidence Any evidence that is not visible without the use of a chemical,
photographic, or electronic development/enhancement
- Examples include DNA, palm prints, fingerprints, footprints, tread marks, and tire tracks.
Latere: "to lie hidden"
- Police and or/lab specialists are usually in charge of this class of evidence
Trace Evidence Evidence that has to be extracted from another substance and is in very
small amounts, often invisible to the naked eye
Indicative Evidence Evidence that substantiates or proves that a certain period of time has
elapsed
Example, the rate that a body has decomposed will be based on the state of the remains and the
outdoor/indoor temperature.
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Circumstantial Evidence Facts, observations, and activities from which the culpability of
an individual may be inferred.
Handeling Evidence All physical evidence is very natural, and fragile. It can be altered,
damaged, or even destroyed by improper handling and improper examination. For this reason,
special precautions must be in place in its handling from its discovery and collection through its
appearance in court. Failure to do so renders it unusable and/or inadmissible.
Circumstantail Evidence This term refers to information that may be either physical or
testimonial in nature. Often circumstantial evidence is a collection of facts and observations that
infer the culpability of an individual. These facts and observations infer the culpability of an
individual.
Example A circumstantial witness may identify a different person than the direct witness,
calling their testimony or reliability into question. As well, texts, receipts, and witnesses could
corroborate the defendant's alibi.
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