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Samenvatting - keuzevak parasitologie (J000438A)
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Samenvatting van het keuzevak parasitologie van het eerste en tweede hoofdstuk !! Hoofdstuk 3 is helaas niet volledig en staat er niet meer bij
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PARASITOLOGIEProf. Dr. Bruno Levecke
Jaar 2023–2024
2
,Inhoudsopgave
H1: INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1. Geschiedenis......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Klassenindeling (morfologie) ................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.1. Overzicht ......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. Protozoa .......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.3. Wormen .......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.4. Geleedpotigen ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3. Levencyclus........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1. Algemeen ........................................................................................................................................ 8
1.3.2. Levencyclus van een parasiet .......................................................................................................... 8
1.3.3. Infectie en transmissie van parasieten ............................................................................................ 9
1.3.4. Localisatie ...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.5. Adapties van de parasiet ............................................................................................................... 10
1.4. Impact op gastheer ............................................................................................................................ 12
1.4.1. Voorbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4.2. Interne parasieten en externe parasieten ..................................................................................... 12
H2: INTERNE PARASIETEN ............................................................................................................................. 13
2.1. Overzicht ............................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. Giardia ................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.1. Klassenindeling .............................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Nomenclatuur ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3. Levencyclus.................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 15
2.2.5. Pathologie...................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.6. Klinische symptomen .................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.7. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 17
2.2.8. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 17
2.3. Cryptosporidium ................................................................................................................................. 17
2.3.1. Klassenindeling .............................................................................................................................. 17
2.3.2. Nomenclatuur ............................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.3. Levenscyclus .................................................................................................................................. 17
2.3.4. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 18
2.3.5. Pathologie...................................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.6. Klinische symptomen .................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.7. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 19
2.3.8. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 19
2.4. Enterobius .......................................................................................................................................... 20
2.4.1. Levenscyclus .................................................................................................................................. 20
2.4.2. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 20
2.4.3. Pathologie en klinische symptomen .............................................................................................. 21
2.4.4. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 21
2.4.5. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 21
2.5. Geohelminthen ................................................................................................................................... 22
2.5.1. Nomenclatuur ............................................................................................................................... 22
2.5.2. Levenscyclus .................................................................................................................................. 22
2.5.3. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 24
2.5.4. Pathologie en klinische symptomen .............................................................................................. 25
1
, 2.5.5. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.6. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 25
2.6. Taenia saginata .................................................................................................................................. 27
2.6.1. Klassenindeling .............................................................................................................................. 27
2.6.2. Levenscyclus .................................................................................................................................. 27
2.6.3. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 28
2.6.4. Pathologie...................................................................................................................................... 28
2.6.5. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 29
2.6.6. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 29
2.7. Trichomonas vaginalis ........................................................................................................................ 30
2.7.1. Klassenindeling .............................................................................................................................. 30
2.7.2. Nomenclatuur ............................................................................................................................... 30
2.7.3. Levenscyclus .................................................................................................................................. 30
2.7.4. Epidemiologie ................................................................................................................................ 30
2.7.5. Pathologie/klinische symptomen .................................................................................................. 31
2.7.6. Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................ 31
2.7.7. Behandeling en preventie ............................................................................................................. 31
2.8. Toxoplasma* ...................................................................................................................................... 31
H3: EXTERNE PARASIETEN ............................................................................................................................. 32
3.1 Insecten .............................................................................................................................................. 32
3.1.1 Klassenindeling .............................................................................................................................. 32
2
, H1: INLEIDING
1.1. Geschiedenis
• Defenitie:
Para + sitos = mee-eten
Parasiet = ten koste van andere levens, ze hebben de gastheer nodig om te
overleven en voort te planten
• Geschriften:
Ebers papyrus = één van de 1ste documenten
è Ging over wormen
Ascaris
Schistosoma Bloedparasieten
-> mens + dier
Dracunculus Worm in voetzool
Taenia solium Witte blaasjes
= cysticeren
-> we moeten vlees
voldoende koken
Olifantziekte Parasiet zit in
bloedvaten en blokkeert
deze -> dikke benen
• Paleoparasitologie:
= coprolieten (= versteende stoelgang)
è Men gaat op zoek naar de parasiet zelf of DNA ervan
• Exponentiële groei van kennis:
Grafiek gaat over het beschrijven van soorten parasieten, we zien vanaf de 20ste
eeuw een forse stijging !
è Komt door de microscoop
è Veel parasieten niet zichtbaar met blote oog
3
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