UNITEK LVN nutrition & Cultural Quiz
2nd Edition Exam Questions and
Answers
insoluble fiber - Answer-fiber that does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by
bacteria in the large intestine. Found mostly in plants, can lower cholesterol and blood
glucose levels and assist in weight loss
Whole wheat and grains, vegetables and wheat bran, pears with skin on - moves
bowels
Hemoroids - bad bleeding - given insoluable fiber
soluable fiber - Answer-dissolves in water and is ferminated by intestinal bacteria
(becomes gel like) such as viscous & fruits (citrus, apple), oats & barely, seeds, beans,
nuts
Soluable fiber v. Insoluble fiber - Answer-Soluble fiber slows digestion and helps you
absorb nutrients from food. Insoluble fiber draws water into and adds bulk to your stool,
helping the stool pass more quickly through the intestines.
dietary fiber - Answer-plant material that cannot be digested (long chains of glucose
units). Most fiber excreted in feces and gas no nutritive value.
Lowers cholesterol and blood glucose levels and assists in weight loss.
Daily intake of fiber - Answer-25 g and 38 g per day depending on age and gender.
Choose fiber and carbs closer to whole state rather than refined or processed to
increase nutritive value
too much fiber - Answer-can cause flatus and constipation (add fiber slowly and 8
glasses of water per day)
Can interfere with mineral absorption which can lead to osteoporosis and anemia
low fiber diet - Answer-A diet with low amounts of fiber to help people with weak
digestive diets.
Foods high in calcium (mineral) - Answer-Milk, cheese, dark green vegetables, dried
figs, legumes, brocoli, fish with bones, fortified cereals
,Function of calcium - Answer-Bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, hormone
secretion, cell membrane integrity, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses,
and muscle contraction
Deficiency of Calcium - Answer-osteoporosis-weak, porous bones stunted growth in
children
toxicity of calcium - Answer-Constipation; increased risk for urinary stone formation in
men; reduced absorption of iron and zinc
Coudamin (Warfarin) - Answer-Anticoagulant - blood thinner
Coudamin diet (potassium modified diet) - Answer-Counteracted by vitamin K,
consistent vitamin K intake essential (green tea)
If you eat vitamin K your coudamin goes down. If you don't it goes up.
Avoid high dose supplements of vitamins A and E
Q. The patient is going to be discharged with a prescription for an anticoagulant
medication. Which question should the nurse ask?
A. How many servings of green leafy vegetables would you normally eat in a week?
to absorb iron you need what vitamin - Answer-Vitamin C - citrus fruit
potassium modified diet - Answer-given to clients taking diuretics
Are canned pears high in fiber? - Answer-No, fiber is in the skin (roughage). Peeled fruit
in cans
HDL cholesterol - Answer-good. high density lipoprotein. high protein, low fat
Normal HDL levels - Answer-40-60
LDL cholesterol - Answer-"bad" blood cholesterol, delivers plaque to the arterial walls.
Normal range of LDL - Answer-less than 100 mg/dL
cardiac diet - Answer-diet low in sodium and saturated and trans fats (low cholesterol).
Cholesterol made by animals and people from liver
Hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease bypass
vegetarian diet - Answer-a diet in which vegetables and diary are the foundation
No eggs, meat, fish, and poultry
, vegan diet - Answer-a pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products
Plant based and gluten free
complete proteins - Answer-Proteins containing all the essential amino acids; found only
in soy and animal foods (meats and dairy products)
Orthodox Jews (Diet) - Answer-No shellfish or pork (kosher - no blood products in meat)
Mormon Dietary Restrictions - Answer-Vegetarianism encouraged; no coffee, tea, or
alcohol, no tobacco
Honey and babies - Answer-Botulism - do not give until 12 months +
solid food introduction - Answer-6 months
When can baby solid/table food? - Answer-12 months+
When can a baby drink cows milk? - Answer-12 months+
stored fat - Answer-adipose tissue (stored energy)
Temperature - insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs, energy
source
Lasix (furosemide) - Answer-Diuretic - makes pt urinate (loss of potassium)
Potassium rich foods - Answer-- Potato, cantaloupe, spinach, broccoli, orange, banana,
avocados, tuna, beets
high sodium foods - Answer-High salt - Deli meats, canned food, cheese
how do nurses promote good nutrition? - Answer-Encourage and educate patient
Serving meal trays in prompt and positive manner
Assist with eating if needed
Taking and recording patient's weight
Recording patient's intake
Observing clinical signs of poor nutrition and reporting them
