This document summarizes the introduction to molecular and cellular biology. You will learn the very basic, main points of all things revolving around biology at the microscopic level, including but not limited to important historical scientists who had some of the bigger contributions to the subje...
Biology what does it mean
Chapter One
to say something
I 1
.
is alive ?
Organism : a life form-aliving entity made up of one or more cells ; 5 fundamental characteristics
(1) cells-membrane-bound units ; the membrane regulates the passage of materials between exterior and interior spaces
(2) replication -
"dream of a bacterium is to become two bacteria" Francois Jacob
(b) Ex
information-processes genes internally . we
Sweat
when we
genes Hereditary or genetic information
-
: , encoded in units
, Not !
get
responds to information from the environment and adjust to maintain stable internal conditions
-
(4) energy-aquire and use energy to stay alive
plants absorb Sunlight while animals eat food
-
(5) evolution-organisms are the product of evolution and their populations continue to evolve
Theory : an explanation for a very broad class of observed phenomena that is supported by a wide body of evidence ; not the same as speculation or guess
Life is Cellular
1 . 2 Es
Replicates through
Cell Division
Robert Hooke (1605) : created a microscope that
magnifies 30 times Original Size
observe cork from an oar tree and saw empty looking pockets
-
used microscope to
-
coined term "Cells" because the pockets resembled cells inhibited by monks
Anton van Leeuwenhoek : developed Microscropes with magnifications up to 300 X
-
inspected pond water and made first orbservations of single-celled organisms he called "animal cules"
All Organisms are Made of Cells
the basic conclusions made in the 1800s remains intact
~
-
Dacteria consists of one cell while sequoias are made up of trillions
Where do cells come from ?
Cell Theory builds on the concept that all organisms are made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells (Rudolph Virchow 1855) Theory v .
Hypothesis
mini
re n
Theory : proposed
hypothesis : a testable statement to explain a set of observations
-
explanations for broad
Patterns i n nature
spontaneous generation was an alternative hypothesis
-
Hypothesis : explcinations
Pasteur for more rightly focused
: created two treatment groups that were identical but received different exposure to preexisting cells
questions
found that the broth exposed to with bacteria and fungi
-
cals quickly filled
preexisting * a theory serves
as
Framework for
developing a new
hypothesis
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