ASHA definition of language - answer-Language is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used in various modes for thought and communication.
-In this definition symbols refer to:
Speech (sounds)
Written symbols (text, writing, IM)
Manual symbols (ASL)
Iconic (augmentative)
Lan...
Language development: module 1
ASHA definition of language - answer-Language is a complex and dynamic system of
conventional symbols used in various modes for thought and communication.
-In this definition symbols refer to:
Speech (sounds)
Written symbols (text, writing, IM)
Manual symbols (ASL)
Iconic (augmentative)
Language is what kind of behavior - answer-- Language is a rule-governed behavior
This means each language has a set of rules.
-Understanding the set of rules for a particular language ensures that communication is
successful.
For example:
In English, an adjective precedes a noun"the red table"
In Spanish, adjectives follow the nouns"la mesa roja ")
Language is generative - answer-Language being generative means there are infinite
possibilities in what is said and understood. As a consequence, individuals can express and
understand sentences that they have never heard before.
For example:
"The red and blue Jayhawk flew over the tiger, and slam-dunked the ball into a basket."Even
though you may not have heard this sentence before, you understood what was being said. This
is because we rely on the English rule system to interpret novel grammatical sentences.
What are the five domains of language - answer-Pragmatics
Semantics
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
What are the groups that the domains of language fall into - answer--Form (word order, word
endings, and speech)
-phonology
-morphology
-syntax
-Content (word meanings, the ways in which word meanings link together, sequencing)
-semantics
-Use (conversation, social rules, matching language to situation)
-pragmatics
Phonology - answer-the study of speech sounds in language
- Phonology deals with the way sounds are organized in a particular language. Phonology is
known as the sound system of the language. A phoneme is the smallest unit of language that
provides meaning to the motoric movements we perform in our mouth in order to create speech.
Phonology example - answer-Example
, Consider the words "mop" and "cop". Both words have three sounds, however they differ by one
sound. One sound is what differentiates your ability to understand which word has been said to
you, and what the word means.
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) - answer-Speech-Language Pathologists use the
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to describe the sounds of a language.
Example
Using the International Phonetic Alphabet,
Actions
try transcribing the words: "cats" and "dogs."
In English, we add an /s/ sound to the end of nouns when we want to make them plural (i.e. cat-
s and dog-s). However, the /s/ symbol produces different sounds in different contexts.
The /s/ at the end of 'cats' sounds like an [s].
But the /s/ at the end of 'dogs' sounds like a [z].
The sounds are different, but English speakers (and writers) think of these sounds as the same
in these scenarios.
Morphology - answer-Morphology is the smallest unit of language that expresses meaning.
There are two types of morphemes: bound morphemes and free morphemes.
Free morphemes - answer-Free morphemes are root words and are called free morphemes
because they can stand on their own.
- ex. toy in the word toys
Bound Morphemes - answer-morphemes that must be attached to a root word to have meaning.
- ex. the -s in toys
Syntax - answer-The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a
language.
-Syntax is the sentence-level structure of language that marks relationships between words and
ideas.
-Syntax includes rules for creating different types of sentences: declaratives, interrogatives,
negatives, passives, and other complex sentences with conjoined or embedded clauses.
Semantics - answer-Semantics refers to meaning in our language system. It consists of two
separate types of information: lexical and conceptual. In order to express and understand
language accurately, children have to develop both the lexical and conceptual information of
words. Additionally, they need to understand the relationship between the lexical and
conceptual information of words.
Lexical information - answer-The lexical information is the word form that includes the
phonological composition of the word.
Example: The word flower comprises four phonemes in sequence /f/, /l/, /aʊ/, /ər/ which together
are expressed as the lexeme /flaʊər/.
Conceptual information - answer-The conceptual information is the meaning associated with the
lexeme.
Example: The meaning of flower may include petals, a stem, leaves, that it smells, that it grows
in the ground, etc.
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