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Behaviorism: The Beginnings Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Update
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Behaviorism: The Beginnings Questions And Answers 2024/2025 Update
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Behaviorism: The Beginnings QuestionsAnd Answers 2024/2025 Update
"Little Albert" Answer: -Watson and Rosalie Rayner changed psychology
-Albert was chosen because he was emotionally stable and not easily excited
-he had been shown a variety of stimuli and hadn't shown fear in response to objects
-after Watson struck a bar with a hammer, he reacted with fear for the first time ever
-this gave Watson and unconditioned emotional response to work with
-wanted to see if he could produce a conditioned one by pairing the sight of a rat with loud noise
-child showed fear every time he saw the rat, even when bar hadn't been struck
-thus, Watson and Rayner established a response to fear to a previously neutral object
-then demonstrated that Albert's fear response could be generalized to other furry white things
-concluded that all of our adult fears, anxieties, and phobias must be simple conditioned emotional
responses that were established in infancy and childhood and stayed with us throughout life
John B. Watson Answer: -recognized that founding isn't the same as originating
-described his efforts as a crystallization of the ideas already emerging in psychology
-like Wundt, had goal of founding a new school, which distinguishes him from others whom history
now labels as precursors of behaviorism
-promised mother to be a minister until she died
-would fail if exam was in reverse order
-studied philosophy with Dewey, attracted to psychology by Angell, the functional psychologist,
studied biology and physiology with Loeb, who acquainted him with the concept of mechanism
-became youngest person in history of University of Chicago to earn doctoral degree
-never wanted to use human subjects
-his twelve years at Johns Hopkins University were his most productive
, -became editor of "Psychology Review" that caused him to be major figure in American Psychology
-president of APA
the development of behaviorism Answer: -began to think seriously about a more objective
psychology
-argued that psychic or mental concepts have no value for a science of psychology
-book "Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology" argued for acceptance of animal
psychology, described advantages of using animal subjects in psychological research, and discussed
importance of ridding psychology from the remnants of philosophy
-wanted new behaviorism to be of practical value
-"Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it" launched behaviorism
Watson's business career Answer: -began new career after affair as an applied psychologist in
field of advertising
-believed human behavior was like machines, therefore the behavior of people as consumers of goods
and services could be predicted and controlled
-proposed laboratory studies of consumer behavior
-stressed that advertising messages should focus on style, not substance and should convey
impression of new and improved image
-purpose was to make consumers dissatisfied with products they were using and instill desire for new
goods
childrearing practices Answer: -said parents today are incompetent
-proposed a regulatory rather than permissive system of childrearing in keeping with strong
environmentalistic position
-said parents shouldn't hug or kiss children or let them on their lap
-wasn't successful in personal life
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