Strabismus and Refractive Error: A Comprehensive Guide
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Institution
World Advanced Multi-Health Research Initiatives
Book
Comprehensive Ophthalmology
Description:
This meticulously crafted PowerPoint presentation delves into the complexities of strabismus (squint) and refractive errors, providing a comprehensive understanding of these common ophthalmological conditions.
Key Concepts Covered:
• Binocular Single Vision:
o Definition and exp...
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Content preview
1
, 2
Introduction
• Binocular single vision: Both visual-
axes meet each other on the same
object, in each gaze, each distance,
and at any time
• Squint: The visual axes of both eyes
for not always meet in all distances
and gazes, on the same object
• In squints one visual axis is deviated,
never both at the same time
because one eye is always looking at
an object. Therefore we talk about
squints only if both eyes are open
, 3
Classification of Strabismus
1. Pseudo-strabismus - apparent
squint
2. Latent squint – phoria
3. Manifest squint – tropia
4. Intermittent squint
5. Concomitant
6. Incomitant
In so called “concomitant” squints
In paralytic squint
Restrictive squint
, Pseudo-strabismus - (apparent squint)
4
Visual-axis are parallel, but the eyes seem to squint
Pseudo-Exotropia Pseudo-Esotropia
Big PD Small PD
Hypertelorism Epicanthic-folds
Premature retinopathy Higher myopia
R/L Eye R/L Eye
CLR more nasal CLR temporal
than physiological Not physiological
But central fixation But central fixation
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