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Med Surg EAQs Exam Questions And Verified Detailed Answers2024-2025 100% Pass Guaranteed
A nurse identifies that several clients have a low oxygen saturation level. Which client
will benefit most from oxygen administration via nasal cannula? ANSWER Clients who
receive many visitors who sit with them in a chair are ambulatory and will benefit by
having less restriction related to the delivery of oxygen. The client will not struggle
talking as they would with a mask.
A nurse is reviewing the history, physical examination, and diagnostic test results of a
client with colitis. What clinical findings are associated with this disorder? - ANSWER
Ulceration of the intestinal mucosa commonly occurs, causing blood loss and anemia.
The inflammatory process tends to increase peristalsis, causing diarrhea, electrolyte
imbalances, and weight loss.
How does the nurse organize the sequence of events for normal wound healing in the
proliferative phase? - ANSWER The normal wound healing in the proliferative phase
begins on the fourth day after injury and lasts 2 to 4 weeks as the fibrin strands form a
scaffold or frameworks and mitotic fibroblast cells migrate into the wound after the
formation of the framework. Then collagen builds tough and inflexible scar tissue.
Capillaries surrounding the wound form "buds" that grow into new blood vessels. These
buds, along with a deposit of collagen from the granulation tissue in the wound, help
contract and fill the wound; epithelial cells start to grow over the bed of granulation
tissue.
The knees of a female client present thick, erythematous papules covered by silvery
white scales. The borders between the lesions and the normal skin of are well defined.
The primary healthcare provider orders a drug and advises her to practice the
contraceptive measures conscientiously. What is a medication she might have been
taking? ANSWER Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune disease of the skin
characterized by exacerbations and remissions. It causes thick, reddened papules
covered by silvery white scales. Acitretin may be employed in its management. This is a
teratogenic drug; hence the client must strictly adhere to the strict contraceptive
measures and not get pregnant.
,A nurse caring for a client with quadriplegia notices ulcers on the sacrum, hips, and
ankles. Describe in sequence the order of the pathophysiology occurring in the
development of these ulcers. The quadriplegic client, being bedridden or confined to a
wheel chair, is unable to change position without help. He therefore runs a greater risk
of developing pressure ulcers because of restricted activity. Pressure, promoted by
compression of tissues, limits blood flow to the skin and leads to an absence of
adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation which eventually promotes cell death
leading to development of pressure ulcers.
A child has a congenital heart defect and undergoes a cardiac catheterization. What is
an important part of nursing care after this procedure? ANSWER Monitor the extremity
distal to the site of catheter insertion for changes in temperature and color indicative of
clot absent/present; comparing pedal pulses of both extremities may also reveal clot
formation disrupting circulation.
A client has squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and is to be treated with
interstitially implanted radon seeds. Which consideration is priority when the nurse is
planning room placement? - ANSWER Radon seeds emit radiation; the client should be
isolated in a private room to decrease radiation to others.
The nurse is caring for a client after the client's open heart surgery (coronary artery
bypass grafting [CABG]). Serosanguineous fluid drains from the client's chest tube. The
nurse can expect what amount of drainage from the tube during the first 24 hours
postoperatively? - ANSWER Because of trauma and the inflammatory response, 500 mL
of fluid will accumulate in the intrapleural space during the first 24 hours after CABG
surgery; this volume will decrease gradually.
A client is admitted to the emergency department complaining of chest pain and
dizziness. The client has a history of angina. The primary health care provider orders an
electrocardiogram (ECG) and laboratory studies. A shift in which part of the ECG
tracing should the nurse identify as the client having an active myocardial infarction
(MI)? ANSWER The S-T segment shift in ECG tracing is due to an active ischemic injury
to the myocardium.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a 2-gram sodium diet and an oral
fluid restriction of 1200 mL daily. The most recent laboratory results are blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) 42 mg/dL (15.2 mmol/L) and creatinine 1.1 mg/dL (97 mcmol/L). Based on
the findings from the assessment, the nurse's best intervention is - ANSWER Diuretics
, dehydrate the patient, which increases the BUN; fluid replacement should lower the
BUN level.
The client is two days post-myocardial infarction and has a temperature of 100.2° F
(37.9° C). What is the first nursing action? - ANSWER Chart the temperature and
continue to monitor.
Myocardial necrosis causes the body temperature to elevate within the first 24 hours
after a myocardial infarction. After several days, the temperature will slowly drift back
into the normal range for an adult.
The client's blood work, related to chemotherapy, indicates bone marrow depression.
The nurse teaches the client to do which of the following? - ANSWER Use a soft
toothbrush. The gums are vascular tissue and have a tendency to bleed easily when the
platelet count is low. Read the ingredients in over-the-counter drugs before taking the
drugs. Avoid drugs such as ibuprofen and salicylates in any analgesic or cold medicine
because these drugs increase the risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet function.
A client has serially decreasing blood pressures after surgery. Which mechanisms does
the nurse consider when describing the control of blood pressure? - ANSWER When the
kidney detects a decreased circulating blood volume, it releases Angiotensin I which in
turn produces angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; Angiotensin I then stimulates the
adrenal cortex to release aldosterone which leads to active reabsorption of sodium and
water. The altered arterial pressure stimulates the baroreceptors of the aortic arch and
carotid sinus, which in turn initiate events that eventually stimulate peripheral
vasoconstriction and thereby increase cardiac output. Alpha1-adrenergic receptors are
located in vascular smooth muscles. Stimulation of these receptors causes
vasoconstriction of the blood vessels.
The nurse recognizes that the client's ECG rhythm strips have more P waves than QRS
complexes. The PR intervals, when visible, are all equal. How should the nurse interpret
this strip? ANSWER Second degree AV block type II (Mobitz II) represents a more
serious form of heart block that needs to be diagnosed early and treated appropriately.
No progressive lengthening of the PR interval exists; the PR interval remains consistent
with the exception of the dropped beat(s).
While communicating to the client, the nurse observes an inability of the client to
coordinate his or her speech. To what may this condition be attributed? ANSWER The
cranial nerve lesions may result in an inability to coordinate while articulating speech
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