What is the progressive hypothesis? - Answer Mobile genetic material moved
throughout the genome and gained the ability to exit one cell and move to another
What is the regressive hypothesis? - Answer Viruses originated from more complex
organisms and evolved to lose genetic information but adopted a parasitic approach to
replication
What is the virus first hypothesis? - Answer viruses may have been the first
self-replicating entities before the first cells and complexity in evolution led to evolution
of the first cells
What is the panspermia hypothesis? - Answer Viruses are from space
What is the difference between a naked virus and an enveloped virus? - Answer Naked
viruses are the genome in a capsid protein coat and enveloped viruses have that plus a
plasma membrane that facilitates viral entry
What is a bacteriophage? - Answer A non-enveloped (naked) virus that infects bacteria
What is a viroid? - Answer Infectious pieces of naked RNA that only infect plants
What is the purpose of viral matrix proteins? - Answer They are important for assembly
of enveloped viruses and link the viral envelope to the viral nucleocapsid
What is the gag gene? - Answer Capsid protein gene on retrovirus genome
What is the pol gene? - Answer Polymerase protein gene on retrovirus genome
What is the env gene? - Answer Envelope protein gene on retrovirus genome
Which of the following proteins is NOT encoded for by the viral genome?
a) capsid
b) envelope proteins
c) polymerases not found in host cell
d) ribosome - Answer d) ribosomes are NOT encoded for by any viruses
What type of mRNA is required for viral proteins to be synthesized? - Answer + sense
ssRNA
What genomes do classes 1 (Adenovirus) and 7 have (HepB and Phage T4)? - Answer
dsDNA. Transcription of minus strand = +ssRNA
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