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BMS 602 - Exam #3 Study Guide @
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BMS 602 - Exam #3 Study Guide@ 2024 -2025
How does E.coli become virulent? - Answer acquires virulence factors via horizontal
gene transfer
What does E.coli ferment? - Answer lactose, sucrose and glucose
What are the characteristics of E.coli on MacConkey agar and TSI? - Answer red
colonies on MacConkey agar and yellow TSI slants
What kind of hemolysis does E.coli cause? - Answer beta
Is E.coli motile? - Answer yes
What is the most common disease caused by E.coli? - Answer gastroenteritis which is
caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water
self limiting
What kind of pathogen is E.coli? - Answer opportunistic
What are some ways that E.coli is an opportunistic pathogen? - Answer perforation of
the intestine allows bacteria to infect the peritoneal cavity
improper hygiene allows bacteria to cause UTO
Is E.coli gram positive or negative? - Answer gram negative
What is the shape of E.coli? - Answer rod
Where is E.coli normally found? - Answer human, animals, soil and water
How does E.coli enter the body? - Answer ingestion, wound infection or endogenous
spreading
for EPEC there is human to human spread
Where does E.coli multiply in the body? - Answer extracellular growth on intestine,
urogenital tract, blood, meninges, etc.
enteroinvasive replicates intracellularly
What are the two groups that E.coli virulence factors can be broken down to? - Answer
adhesins and exotoxins
What is ETEC? - Answer enterotoxigenic E. coli
, traveler's diarrhea, infant diarrhea
What are the symptoms of ETEC? - Answer watery diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, nausea
and low grade fever
How is ETEC acquired? - Answer ingestion of contaminated food or water
NO person to person spread
What is the incubation period for ETEC? - Answer 1-2 days
watery diarrhea persists for 3-5 days
What is the treatment for ETEC? - Answer none, self limiting but given rehydration
therapy
antibiotics used for elderly, pregnant women, immunosuppressed and young children
What is the mechanism of action of ETEC? - Answer 1) attaches to microvilli via
colonizing factor adhesin (CFA)
2) CFA a pilus binds to glycoprotein receptor on the surface
3) bacteria releases heat labile toxin (LT-1) and heat stable toxin (STa)
4) LT-1 regulates the activity of host cell adenylate cyclase and increases cAMP levels
to activate CFTR a Cl- transporter and inhibit Na2+ transport
5) STa binds to host guanylyl cyclase to stimulate production of cGMP
6) electrolyte imbalance leads to diffusion of water and Na2_ out of the cell leading to
fluid loss and watery diarrhea
What is EPEC? - Answer enteropathogenic E.coli
infant diarrhea
What are the symptoms of EPEC? - Answer watery diarrhea, vomiting, and non-bloody
stools
How does EPEC acquired? - Answer person to person spread bc of low infectious dose
What is EPEC characterized by - Answer attachment/effacement of intestinal epithelial
cells where they loose their intestinal microvilli
What is the treatment for EPEC? - Answer an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test
should be done to determine the best treatment
amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and kanamycin
rehydration therapy due to self limiting
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