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OST 575 - Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers
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OST 575 - Exam 2 Questions And CorrectAnswers
Why is the mesentery more than just a hammock? - ANSWER transmits blood supply to
organ it is holding up and allows venous blood to leave
What major organ is sitting retroperitoneal to all the visceral intraperitoneal organs? -
ANSWER descending abdominal aorta and IVC
What is the blood supply of the small intestine (ileum, jejunum), ascending colon, cecum
and appendix? - ANSWER Superior mesenteric artery
What is the blood supply of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and
UPPER 2/3 of the rectum? - ANSWER inferior mesenteric artery
What is the drainage of the bowel? - ANSWER all drains into portal vein
What are the organs that are RETROperitoneal? - ANSWER SAD PUCKER
S--> Suprarenal (adrenal glands)
A--> Aorta and IVC
D--> Duodenum (2nd-4th)
P--> Pancreas
U--> Ureters
C--> Colon (descending and ascending)
K--> Kidneys
E--> Esophagus (thoracic portion
R--> Rectum
,What do all bowel lymphatics drain into? - ANSWER chyle cisterna
What is the location of THE mesentery relative to spinal level? - ANSWER L2-L4 level
What is the location of the transverse MESOcolon relative to spinal level? - ANSWER
T12-L1 level
What is the location of the sigmoid MESOcolon relative to spinal level? - ANSWER
Sacrum level
What parts of the Large colon are locked in place because they are retroperitoneal? -
ANSWER ascending and descending colon
What part of the rectum venous drainage goes to the portal system and what goes to
systemic venous return? - ANSWER Superior, middle rectal vein = portal system
Inferior rectal vein = systemic venous return
What is the rectum site of anastomoses? - ANSWER Superior rectal vein
Inferior and middle rectal veins
What is the arterial supply of the different parts of the rectum? - ANSWER Above
pectinate line = Superior and middle rectal arteries *from Inferior mesenteric Artery*
Below pectinate line = Inferior rectal artery *from the internal iliac artery*
What is the lymphatic drainage of the different parts of the rectum? - ANSWER Above
pectinate line = internal iliac lymph nodes
Below pectinate line = superficial inguinal lymph nodes
,What is the innervation of the different parts of the rectum? - ANSWER Above pectinate
line = Visceral motor and sensory innervation
Below pectinate line = Somatic motor and sensory innervation (extremely painful area)
What type of hemorrhoid is extremely painful and which is more of a dull pain? -
ANSWER EXTREMELY painful = external hemorrhoid (below pectinate line)
Dull pain = internal hemorrhoid (above pectinate line)
What is the only region of the small intestine that reabsorbs bile and B12? - ANSWER
Ileum
What does gastric lipase originate from? - ANSWER chief cells
What stimulate gastric lipase secretion from chief cells? - ANSWER ACh
gastrin
pH = 2-6
What is gastric lipase resistant to and where is it active in the digestive system? -
ANSWER Resistant to *pepsin*
active in stomach and duodenum (less active duodenum due to pancreatic lipase)
What is the term that describes the process of emulsion containing small lipid particles
in the stomach? - ANSWER Antral systole
What does secretion of secretin stimulate release of? - ANSWER stimulates pancreatic
duct secretion of *bicarbonate*
What is the optimal pH of the duodenum for co-lipase-pancreatic lipase activity? -
ANSWER 6.5 (increases due to secretin)
, What does secretion of CCK stimulate release of? - ANSWER Stimulates enzyme
secretion by acinar cells
gallbladder contraction
*relaxation of Oddi's sphincter to release bile*
What stimulates secretin secretion? CCK secretion? - ANSWER secretin --> acid (low
pH)
CCK--> fatty acids
Where is CCK secreted from? - ANSWER duodenal endocrine cells
What are the primary bile acids made by? - ANSWER liver
What are the secondary bile acids made by? - ANSWER formed from intestinal bacteria
What is the effect of the polar, ionized molecule property of bile acids? - ANSWER high
solubility in water at intestinal pH
no passive absorption in biliary tract
limited passive absorption in small intestine
What is the effect of the amidation with glycine or taurine property of bile acids? -
ANSWER resistance to hydrolysis by pancreatic enzymes
decreases passive uptake
What is the optimal pH for pancreatic lipase to be active? - ANSWER pH 8-9
OR
pH 6-7 (with bile salts)
Where is pancreatic lipase most active? - ANSWER water oil interfaces
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