Top-down processing - ️️Context/Knowledge/Expectations. Quick educated guess.
Could be wrong. Pareidolia is the perception of some specific image in an ambiguous
stimulus array. Expectations create schemas- which are mental representations of what
we know, and have come to expect, about the ...
Psy 252 Exam 3 CSU
Top-down processing - ✔️✔️Context/Knowledge/Expectations. Quick educated guess.
Could be wrong. Pareidolia is the perception of some specific image in an ambiguous
stimulus array. Expectations create schemas- which are mental representations of what
we know, and have come to expect, about the world. Can bias creating a perceptual
set. Motivation can affect perception/bottom-up processing. See a dog because you
expect to see a dog.
Parallel Distribution Processing (PDP) models/connections models; Network - ✔️✔️An
approach to understanding object recognition in which various elements of the object
are thought to be simultaneously analyzed by a number of widely distributed, but
connect, neural units in the brain. See a dog even though it is through a fence.
Recognition - ✔️✔️Analyzing features in the environment and recognizing context to
recognize patterns.
Feature Detection/Analysis - ✔️✔️Detect/Analyze and Context/Knowledge. Pattern
recognition. Firing neuros.
Gibson-Letters/Feature Overlap EE PR GW - ✔️✔️PR is high feature overlap. GW is
low feature overlap. People are slower with high.
Neisser-Search for target letter - ✔️✔️dissimilar is low feature overlap. Similare is high
feature overlap.
Hubel & Weisel-single cell recordings - ✔️✔️Bottom-up processing. Geons: build up to
3D.
Geons - ✔️✔️Detecting and combining simple forms.
Bottom-up processing - ✔️✔️Detect/Analyze. Sensory. Correctly identifying
combinations as what it is.
Parallel Processing - ✔️✔️Searching for things quickly, "pop out".
Habituation - ✔️✔️Seeing the same.
Dishabituation - ✔️✔️Seeing different.
Context Effect - ✔️✔️Context is perceived differently. Based on context is how we read
it. A or H CAT. ect.
, Word/Object Superiority Effect - ✔️✔️Compromised in a word, then a single letter.
Neural network models.
Implications for Pattern Recognition - ✔️✔️An analysis of stimulus components is not
(by itself)0 sufficient for explaining Pattern Recognition.
Perceptual Category - ✔️✔️When you analyze info and compare then with info stored
in memory.
Inattention blindness - ✔️✔️When we don't attend to that stimulus we don't notice that
stimulus. When you may ignore or be "blind" to stimuli.
Change blindness - ✔️✔️Fail to detect a change in what we are looking at.
Role of attention in perception - ✔️✔️Door study. Change blindness can occur outside
the lab. Just because info is coming into our system does not mean that it is processed.
Minds must also be receptive to the info. Have to attend to it.
Attention - ✔️✔️A set of process by which we direct our cognitive resources towards
something in the environment. Is selective can be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary is
top-down. Attention control is involuntary, bottom-up. Key to having a greater working
memory.
Overt Orientation - ✔️✔️Pointing sensory systems at a particular stimuli. Moving.
Convert Orientation - ✔️✔️Not moving. Thinking to yourself.
Dichotic Listening Test - ✔️✔️Attended and Unattended message. Shadowing.
Moray's experiment with names + dichotic - ✔️✔️Cocktail party effect.
Treisman's experiment with messages switching sides AND Wetterburn's related words
AND McKay's ambiguous sentences - ✔️✔️Learned based on meaning. Information
processed for meaning. Unattention does get in so it gives us the other info we are
interpreting. Non-selective info isn't completely blocked. Attention modulates
(strengthens/weakens) incoming signals. Linked too is more effective. Volume control.
Concept of attention capacity - ✔️✔️Maximum Limit/Maximum Capacity
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