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PSYC 3560 EXAM 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES (ANXIETY DISORDERS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS $12.49   Add to cart
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PSYC 3560 EXAM 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES (ANXIETY DISORDERS) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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What is the "fight or flight" response? When do we experience it? Describe the two pathways in the body that prepare the body for fight or flight. - Answer-fight or flight is to enhance survival. includes arousal and fear that are set into motion by the hypothalamus. ANS and endocrine system are ac...

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  • October 14, 2024
  • 6
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • psyc 3560 exam 2 learning objectives anxiety diso
  • what is the fight or flight response when do we

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  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders

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PSYC 3560 EXAM 2 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES (ANXIETY DISORDERS)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the "fight or flight" response? When do we experience it? Describe the two
pathways in the body that prepare the body for fight or flight. - Answer-fight or flight is to
enhance survival. includes arousal and fear that are set into motion by the
hypothalamus. ANS and endocrine system are activated. ANS is short term and
includes SNS and PNS. SNS is known as the gas (alertness) and PNS is known as the
brakes (rest and digest). Endocrine system is long term and controls the hormone
cortisol (stress hormone).

What are "trait" and "state" anxiety? How are they the same and how are they different?
- Answer-?

What are three questions we can ask ourselves to determine whether fear is adaptive or
maladaptive? - Answer-1. are concerns realistic given the circumstances? (activating
only when it should or overacting)
2. is the amount of fear in proportion to the threat? (consequences match the fear or
way bigger)
3. does the concern persist in the absence of the threat? (once the fear is gone, does
the body continue to be on edge)

What are the key features of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? - Answer-worry is
the key characteristic. worry includes anxious anticipation (lots of time) and anxious
avoidance. physical tension is the consequence of worry.

What is the typical prevalence and course of GAD? - Answer-3-5% of the general
population have a lifetime prevalence. highly co-morbid with other disorders like
depression. 50% are early onset in the childhood or adolescence (50% onset coincides
with increased stressors or responsibilities). the course is chronic but fluctuates and is
often worse during times of stress. women are at greater risk at a 2 to 1. people with
GAD worry the most about family, money and work.

What are the biological theories of GAD? - Answer-GABA theory: individuals with GAD
have a GABA deficiency which is an inhibitory neuro-transmitter which leads to a
decrease in the probability of neuron firing.
Genetic theory: biological vulnerability to GAD is inherited. general trait anxiety may
play a role (anxiety proneness)

What are the cognitive theories of GAD? - Answer-people with GAD think about threat
constantly. over-prediction likelihood and cost of aversive outcomes. under-predict their
ability to cope with outcomes. GAD is maintained through cognitive and behavioral

, avoidance. constant, low-level worry helps people to avoid sudden sharp increases in
negative emotions and serves as negative reinforcement for worry. GAD gives people
the thought that worry is helpful and adaptive even with physical symptoms. contrast
avoidance theory where you trade chronic low grade misery for sharp sudden misery.

What are the biological and psychological treatments for GAD? - Answer-biological
treatments: benzodiazepines (xanax and valium) offer short term relief and are very
addictive with many side effects. tricyclic antidepressants (tofranil) and SSRIs (paxil)
paxil reduces anxiety better than benzodiazepines. SNRI (effexor)
psychological treatments: CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) use techniques such as
identifying and altering the negative automatic thoughts, self-monitor worrying, and
"worry time". relaxation techniques include progressive muscle relaxation and deep
breathing

What are the key features of Panic Disorder (PD)? - Answer-there are no triggers. must
have recurrent (at least one month) unexpected (no obvious trigger) panic attacks that
are followed by one month of persistent concern of additional attacks (near miss of
fatality), worry about the implications of the attacks, and a significant change in the
behavior (avoidance behavior and constricts actions/events)

What makes PD different from panic attacks and Agoraphobia? - Answer-panic attacks
can occur in the context of any disorder. PD is long term and agoraphobia is the attack
with a specific trigger of leaving a safe place

What is the typical prevalence and course of PD? - Answer-lifetime prevalence of 3-5%
and is 2-3 times more common in women. onset between late adolescence (mid to late
teens) and mid-30s. lifetime prevalence of panic attacks is 28%

What are the biological and cognitive theories of PD? - Answer-role of genetics: family
members are more likely to develop PD and early investigations support a genetic
inheritance of vulnerability factors. neuroimaging studies show the differences in the
limbic system.
cognitive model (maintained through a positive feedback loop): (getting stuck in loops)
pay close attention to bodily sensations (enteroception) developed or premorbid.
misinterpret bodily sensations (anxiety sensitivity) frightening explanations for
sensations. engage in snowballing/catastrophic interpretations
*the brain doesn't separate/make distinction between real and imaginary

What is Anxiety Sensitivity and how does it increase the risk of developing PD? -
Answer-fear of anxiety-related physical sensations due to the belief that these
sensations have harmful somatic, psychological, or social consequences. AS is a risk
for anxiety problems: elevated in those with anxiety disorders, AS predicts future
occurrence of anxiety symptoms and panic attacks in both adolescents and adults, and
AS is linked to the development of panic disorders

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