trait theory Correct Answer a theory of personality that
focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring
individual differences in behavioral predispositions
humanist approach Correct Answer a psychology
perspective that adopts a holistic approach to human
existence through investigations of meaning, values,
freedom, tragedy, personal responsibility, human potential,
spirituality, and self-actualization, carl rogers unconditional
positive regard
reticular activation system Correct Answer a diffuse
network of nerve pathways in the brainstem connecting
the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating
the overall level of consciousness.
,actor-observer bias Correct Answer the tendency to blame
our actions on the situation and blame the actions of
others on their personalities
dispositional attribution Correct Answer assuming that
another's behavior is due to personality factors, not
situational ones
fundamental attribution error Correct Answer the tendency
for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to
underestimate the impact of the situation and to
overestimate the impact of personal disposition
situational attribution Correct Answer attribution to factors
external to an actor, such as the task, other people, or luck
classical conditioning Correct Answer a type of learning in
which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate
events
stimulus generalization Correct Answer behavior becomes
more probable in the presence of one stimulus or situation
as a result of having been reinforced in the presence of
another stimulus or situation
habituation Correct Answer decreasing responsiveness
with repeated stimulation, as infants gain familiarity with
repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest
wanes and they look away sooner.
,dishabituation Correct Answer recovery of a habituated
response after a change in stimulation
parietal cortex Correct Answer provides higher levels of
sensory information, such as map of the external world,
that is important for planning and carrying out movements,
spatial reasoning and processing sensations
electrical conductivity of the skin Correct Answer
physiological indication of increased sympathetic arousal,
which is associated with anxiety
general adaptation syndrome Correct Answer Seyle's
concept that the body responds to stress with alarm,
resistance and exhaustion, occurs over a long period of
time
avoidance-avoidance conflict Correct Answer conflict that
results from having to choose between two distasteful
alternatives
approach-approach conflict Correct Answer conflict
occurring when a person must choose between two
desirable goals
approach-avoidance conflict Correct Answer conflict
occurring when a person must choose or not choose a
goal that has both positive and negative aspects
ethnography Correct Answer the scientific description of
the customs of individual peoples and cultures
, early childhood Correct Answer autonomy vs shame and
doubt
infancy Correct Answer trust vs mistrust
preschool Correct Answer initiative vs guilt
school age Correct Answer industry vs inferiority
adolescence Correct Answer identity vs role confusion
young adulthood Correct Answer intimacy vs isolation
middle adulthood Correct Answer generativity vs
stagnation
maturity Correct Answer integrity vs despair
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory Correct Answer theory
that to experience emotion one must be physically
aroused and cognitively label the arousal
short-term memory Correct Answer activated memory that
holds a few items briefly, such as the 7 (+/- 2) digits of a
phone number while dialing, before the information is
stored or forgotten
implicit memory Correct Answer memories we don't
deliberately remember or reflect on consciously, not
assessed in a manner related to working memory
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