Exam (elaborations)

NUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST questions with veryfied answers

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NUR 631

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NUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST questions with veryfied answersNUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST questions with veryfied answersNUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST questions with veryfied answersNUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST questions with veryfied answers

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NUR 631 Exam 2 LATEST

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing
because of which problem?

Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.

Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.

Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.

Number of mast cells is insufficient. - ANSWER ANS: C

In some cases, impaired healing is not directly associated with aging,
in general, but can instead be linked to a chronic illness such as
cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus. Older adults may have
circulatory problems, but that would not lead directly to impaired
inflammation and wound healing. Older people do not have deficient
complement and chemotaxis, nor do they have insufficient mast cell
numbers.

In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and undergo changes
that commit them to becoming B cells?

Thymus gland

Regional lymph nodes

Bone marrow

Spleen - ANSWER ANS: C

B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized (primary)
lymphoid organs— the thymus gland for T cells and the bone marrow
for B cells. Neither regional lymph nodes nor the spleen are involved
in changing B lymphocytes into B cells.

An individual's acquired immunity is dependent on the function of

,which cells? (Select all that apply.)

,T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

Macrophages

Opsonins

Neutrophils - ANSWER ANS: A, B, C

T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are
involved in acquired immunity. Opsonins are molecules that tag
microorganisms for destruction by cells of the inflammatory system;
these cells are primarily neutrophils. Neutrophils are white blood
cells.

The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is
mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

IgE

IgG

IgM

T cells - ANSWER ANS: A

Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the
products of tissue mast cells. The most common allergies (e.g.,
pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I
reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore
allergic. Hay fever allergy is not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells.

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is
activated?

a. Neutrophils

b. Monocytes

c. Eosinophils

d. T lymphocytes - ANSWER ANS: C

, Of the options provided, only eosinophils are activated during
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes
bronchospasm?

a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis

b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody

c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1
receptors

d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2
receptors - ANSWER ANS: C

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, smooth muscle
contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors results in
bronchospasms. The bronchospasm is not caused by edema or by
histamine binding to H2 receptors.

A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What
action by the healthcare professional is best?

a. Give the patient an antihistamine.

b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.

c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.

d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. - ANSWER ANS: A

Histamine is the most potent mediator in an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1). Histamine bound to H2 results in
the degranulation of mast cells with the release of histamine.
Blocking histamine receptors with antihistamines can control some
type I responses. The healthcare professional would not need to give
the patient blood; warm; moist heat; or ask about pain.

A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II
hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best?

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