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PSYC 242 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYC 242 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS...
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how did the perception of mental illness change from pre 1700s, late1700s, and mid 1800s - ANSWER pre 1700s: demonic possession
late 1700s: moral therapy pinel/tuke
mid 1800: dorothea dix
who was lightner witmer? why is he important - ANSWER the father of
clinical psychology
-studied under cattell wundt (founder of psychology as a whole)
-opened first clinic at uPENN
-founder of school psychology (known for IQ testing for children)
why is lightner witmer often criticized? - ANSWER he was critical,
impolite, and argumentative
-his ideas were not testable (presented theories as facts not hypothesis)
-ideas were ahead of the time and against mainstream ideas
who is the father of clinical psychology intervention? - ANSWER
sigmund freud
-late 1800s
-first systematically developed psychotherapeutic techniques
who is the father of clinical psychology assessment? - ANSWER
kraeplin
-1899
-analyzed symptom similarities and differences among large groups of
people
-cocurring symptoms=syndromes
what was the role of IQ testing in war? - ANSWER during WWI people
were evaluated for mental fitness of military recruits
-army alpha tests were verbal and army beta tests were nonverbal
what 2 things did WWI IQ testing lead to? - ANSWER 1)Standardization
and normative comparison
,2)Discipline of clinical psychology officially recognized by APA-1919
what happened in WWII? - ANSWER veterans needed for counseling
-not enough psychiatrists=turned to clinical psychologists for help
-VA funded new training programs for psychologists
what happened from the 1940s and 1960s (think of after the war) -
ANSWER -significant growth in clinical psychology
-new therapies (behavioral and experimental)
-new tests (personality)
-first DSM published in 1952
challenging the status quo: clinical v. statistical assessment (meehl) -
ANSWER psychologists believed we were putting too much emphasis
on the clinical aspect of assessment and that people were using
subjective opinions to assess them rather than standardized tools
challenging the status quo: personality v. environment assessment
(mischel) - ANSWER people were putting too much emphasis on the
role that personality played in their behavior and weren't talking about
the environment to see what was context-dependent
challenging the status quo: eysenck v. psychotherapy assessment -
ANSWER eyesenck believed that therapy was not working and that
something should change
what did people who challenged the pscyh field lead to? - ANSWER
more standardization of assessment
how did assessment change? - ANSWER -empirically based behavioral
rating scales for children
-refinement of the MMPI
-DSM III- specific criteria to improve reliability
What were the perceptions of mental illness that prompted reformers to
improve treatment conditions for those with mental illness? - ANSWER
Mentally ill people were perceived as possessing evil spirits, deserving
, of their symptoms due to some previous actions, and were frequently
shunned by society.
How did Tuke reform treatment for individuals with mental illness (i.e.,
what did they do differently to improve the treatment conditions for
individuals with mental illness?) - ANSWER created "The York Retreat,"
in England a residential treatment center where mentally ill are cared for
with kindness (difference was idea of "retreat" rather than mental
institutions")
How did Pinel reform treatment for individuals with mental illness (i.e.,
what did they do differently to improve the treatment conditions for
individuals with mental illness?) - ANSWER moved mentally ill out of
dungeons in Paris where they were treated as inmates
one of the first major advocates for individuals with mental illness in the
U.S. was Dorothea Dix. She was first exposed to the improper treatment
of individuals with mental illness in what setting? - ANSWER A jail in
Boston that she had worked at
What instrumental role did Emil Kraeplin have in the development of the
field of Clinical Psychology - ANSWER He differentiated exogenous
disorders (caused by external factors, more treatable), from endogenous
disorder and assigned names to specific disorders (set a precedent for
DSM)
What "activity" or clinical practice characterized the field of clinical
psychology more than any other in the early years (e.g., early 20th
century)? - ANSWER DSM III-provide specific diagnostic criteria,
induced a multiaxial system (cataloguing problems of different takins on
different axes), and greater size due to more discovered disorders
When did therapy begin to play a significant role in the field of clinical
psychology? - ANSWER 1940s/1950s
What "event" prompted more psychologists to practice therapy (rather
than work in academia)? Why - in what way did the Department of
Veteran's Affairs influence the development of clinical psychology? -
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