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PSYC 242 EXAM LATEST UPDATED
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PSYC 242 EXAM LATEST UPDATED...
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Tuke - ANSWER From England, improved conditions in which thementally ill lived
Pinel - ANSWER From France, moved mentally ill individuals out of
dungeons in Paris, advocated for treatment notes. Wrote Treatise on
Insanity
Dorthea Dix - ANSWER Worked in jails, persuaded community leaders
on humane mental illness treatment
Lightner Witmer - ANSWER Founded first psychological clinic at UPenn,
worked with children in school settings. Founded first scholarly journal
Emil Kraeplin - ANSWER two category system of mental illness:
exogenous disorders (caused by external factors) from endogenous
disorders (caused by internal factors), started terminology
WW2 - ANSWER played a role in clinical psychology
Clinical psychologists primarily work in - ANSWER private practice
Difference between counselors and psychologists - ANSWER Clinical
psychologists see more serious individuals than counselors
Clinical psych internships - ANSWER -more likelys in hospitals and
inpatient psych units
Counseling psychologists internships - ANSWER University counseling
centers
Psychiatrists - ANSWER go to medical school and can prescribe
medications
-favor medication
,Social workers - ANSWER have focused their work on the interaction
between an individual and the components of society that may
contribute to or alleviate the individual's problems.
-require masters
School psychologists - ANSWER -work in schools
-educational needs
-masters
Professional counselor - ANSWER -Masters
-counseling people with mild mental illness
Treatment outcome study - ANSWER designed by clinical psychologists
to determine how well their therapies work.
efficacy studies - ANSWER form of therapy is how well it works "in the
lab," where it is practiced according to manualized methods and where
outcome for treated individuals is compared via clinical trial with
outcome for individuals who receive alternate or no treatment
effectiveness studies - ANSWER the success of a therapy in actual
clinical settings in which client problems span a wider range, and clients
are not chosen as a result of meeting certain diagnostic criteria. In short,
the effectiveness of psychotherapy is how well it works "in the real
world," or how well it translates from the lab to the clinics, agencies,
hospitals, private practices, and other settings where clinical
psychologists conduct therapy
Efficacy studies are often respected for their internal validity but
discounted for their external validity, whereas the opposite is often true
for effectiveness studies - ANSWER
Clinical significance - ANSWER degree to which research findings have
useful and meaningful applications to real problems
statistical significance - ANSWER a statistical statement of how likely it
is that an obtained result occurred by chance, p < .05
, Internal validity - ANSWER the degree to which changes in the
dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent
variable (efficacy). For example, if the sight of the food is presented
along with its smell, then an alternative explanation could be that the
sight of the delicious food, and not its smell, is responsible for the
increased probability of salivating.
Conducting research assessment methods - ANSWER Goal 1: the
development, validation, or expanded use of new instruments
Goal 2: the establishment of normative data for specific populations on
an assessment tool
Goal 3: a comparison of multiple assessment tools to one another
Goal 4:other research questions
Diagnostic studies examine... - ANSWER Diagnostic studies examine
the validity or reliability of existing or proposed diagnostic constructs, the
relationships between disorders, the prevalence or course of disorders,
or numerous related topics.
Experimental design - ANSWER Assignment to treatment-The
researcher randomly assigns subjects to control and treatment groups.
Control over treatment-The researcher usually designs the treatment.
Use of control groups-Requires the use of control and treatment groups.
Quasi-experimental design - ANSWER Research method similar to an
experimental design except that it makes use of naturally occurring
groups rather than randomly assigning subjects to groups. The
researcher often does not have control over the treatment, but instead
studies pre-existing groups that received different treatments after the
fact.
When conducting a treatment outcome study, how does the distribution
of treatment options vary in a between-groups design versus a within-
groups design? - ANSWER In the between-groups, participants in
different conditions receive entirely different treatments. In the within-
groups, participants experience the same conditions.
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