Biostatistics - Answer
Which statistical method attempts to address the effects of participants dropping out of a study prior to completion? (7x) - Answer LAST OBSERVATION CARRIED FORWARD
Test that measures what it is supposed to measure (7x) - Answer VALIDITY
What research study...
Which statistical method attempts to address the effects of participants dropping out of a study prior to
completion? (7x) - Answer LAST OBSERVATION CARRIED FORWARD
Test that measures what it is supposed to measure (7x) - Answer VALIDITY
What research study examines a group studied over a prolonged time period? (6x) - Answer COHORT
Groups of pts w/ MDD, dysthymic d/o, and adjustment d/o were given mood scales. In order to compare
the means of scores of these three groups, most appropriate statistical methods is what (3x) - Answer
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
A case-control study would be appropriate in answering an epidemiological question when the (3x): -
Answer INCIDENCE OF THE DISEASE IS LOW
What most seriously threatens the external validity of a research study? (3x) - Answer A STUDY
POPULATION THAT IS NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE POPULATION TO BE TREATED
Which of the following is the major negative aspect of crossover designs for research studies? (3x) -
Answer RESIDUAL EFFECTS
Method for estimating sample size required to detect statistical effects of defined size for variables with
well-known variances is referred to as which of the following types of analysis (3x)? - Answer POWER
Which statistic measures the magnitude of difference between two intervention groups? (3x) - Answer
EFFECT SIZE
,A rating instrument is said to have high reliability when which of the following properties is
demonstrated: (3x) - Answer RATINGS ARE SIMILAR AMONG DIFFERENT RATERS
Researcher is reviewing a questionnaire to screen for MDD, notices that the questionnaire has no Qs
pertaining to depressed mood but has a few Qs pertaining to spending sprees. What form of validity is
most affected? (2x) - Answer CONTENT
What is used to report the deviation of a value from its group mean, expressed in standard deviation
units? (2x) - Answer Z SCORE
5 yo boy becomes restless, impulsive, and difficult to manage when not given sufficient exercise. Teacher
gives him increased motor activity, and his behavior improves. This is an example of: (2x) - Answer
GOODNESS OF FIT
"A group of researchers studied the temperament of a group of children at age 3 months, 2 years, 5
years, and 20 years to determine relationships between initial temperamental characteristics of children
who eventually had psychiatric problems. This is an example of what type of study? (2x)" - Answer
COHORT
Which of the following types of studies is best suited to determine prevalence? (2x) - Answer CROSS
SECTIONAL
The purpose of designing a study to use the double blind method is to (2x): - Answer ELIMINATE BIAS
DUE TO EXAMINER EXPECTATIONS
A test that detects 98% of the people who have a disease, but also provides a false positive result for
many of the people without the disease, would have a: (2x) - Answer HIGH SENSITIVITY AND LOW
SPECIFICITY
"Researcher wants to compare a new atypical antipsychotic to the already existing atypical
antipsychotics. Researcher wants to conduct the study in routine clinical situations rather than using
highly selected subjects. Which of the following study designs would be the most appropriate? (2x)" -
Answer EFFECTIVENESS
,What statistical measure should be used to determine how 2 independent variables affect the frequency
of the occurrence rate of an event? (2x) - Answer REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Study reports difference that turns out to be by chance, what error is this? (2x) - Answer TYPE I ERROR
Examines the relationship between exposure and effect by comparing patients with effect to patients
without effect, assessing for prior exposure. Type of study? (2x) - Answer CASE-CONTROL
The extent to which an instrument represents the construct being measured is referred to as what type
of validity? (2x) - Answer CONTENT
Twin studies of patients with schizophrenia have consistently identified substantial proportions of
monozygotic twin pairs that are discordant for the illness. The most likely explanation is: (2x) - Answer
A "TWO-HIT" MODEL OF PATHOGENESIS EXISTS IN WHICH PREDISPOSING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
COMBINE WITH GENETIC RISKS
The number of individuals with a d/o at a specific time (2x) - Answer POINT PREVALENCE
An effectiveness study differs from an efficacy study by including what? (2x) - Answer REAL WORLD
CONDITIONS
What type of reduction strategy is needle exchange? - Answer HARM
Method used to reduce false positives with a smaller P value - Answer BONFERRONI CORRECTION
Main advantage of family-based genetic association studies over case- control association studies -
Answer LESS AFFECTED BY SYSTEMATIC POPULATION DIFFERENCES
"Naturalistic investigations of a treatment's effects look at which factor?" - Answer EFFECTIVENESS
, Observational study with healthy pregnant women vs pregnant women on antidepressants, what is the
study weakness? - Answer INAPPROPRIATE CONTROL GROUP
In an RCT which compares metformin addition to usual treatment in diabetes prevention, when 18% of
patients in the metformin group develop diabetes vs 20% of patients in the usual treatment group
develop diabetes, what is the NNT? - Answer 50
RCT where pt receives one med for 8 weeks, then 4 week break, then another med for 8 weeks. What
kind of study? - Answer CROSSOVER
New instrument for PTSD does not ask about traumatic events. Raises which concern about validity? -
Answer CONTENT
Which validity assumes theoretical model of condition being measured and explanation of how
components are related? - Answer CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
Difference between incidence rates - Answer ATTRIBUTABLE RISKS
Study design that answers whether exposure to a drug increases risk of an adverse side effect - Answer
COHORT
Study type to measure if genetic test is accurate to make dx - Answer CROSS-SECTIONAL
The concept of lifetime prevalence refers to the number of persons: - Answer MEASURED AT A POINT
IN TIME, WHO HAD A D/O AT SOME POINT DURING THEIR LIVES
Example of type II error - Answer FINDING ANTIDEPRESSANT INEFFECTIVE WHEN IT IS ACTUALLY
EFFECTIVE
What research design would be the most appropriate in establishing a causal relationship between
childhood vaccination and onset of autism? - Answer COHORT
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