PCAC(FINAL) EXAM 1|BRAND NEW
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
EXAMPLES ALL GRADED
A+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS\LATEST
UPDATE 2024-2025
What is Context? - ANSWER-✅- a broad construct defined as the environmental and
personal factors specific to each client (person, group, or population) that influence
the engagement and participation in occupations
- This impacts quality, satisfaction, performance, and access to occupations
- provides the clients narrative and allows practitioners to assess and treat in a
holistic manner.
- important for all health care providers and important to identify for
interprofessional communication
Context for family/caregivers - ANSWER-✅You evaluate a client Autism and
recommend outpatient therapy 2-3x/week. Would your approach change if you
knew that the parents had no help and had to work full days? Would this change if
the same family had support from grandparents or siblings?
Context for disability and identity - ANSWER-✅Example: You evaluate a young
individual just sustained a spinal cord injury that has paralyzed him from the waist
down after a motor bike accident. His goal is to walk again at all costs, and this is all
he wants to focus on.
Context impacting social, economical, and political aspects - ANSWER-✅Example: As
a home health therapist, you used to see clients 2- 3x/week but after recent
Medicare legislation reducing reimbursement to home health companies you are
now only allowed to see clients 1x/week. How might this affect your therapy?
Context in culture and diversity - ANSWER-✅Example: You are planning to complete
a group cooking task but during your treatment session you find out that one of your
clients is observing the holiday of Ramadan.
, Context in the environment (physical and virtual) - ANSWER-✅Example: Your
company is going to start providing virtual visits for clients. You are excited because
now you can see clients in a more rural setting who really need services. However,
you then find out that limited internet connection in this area does not allow this
initiative to go through.
Example: After 2 weeks in inpatient rehab your client is independent with bathing
and shower transfers but reports nervousness as he has a tub shower whereas the
rehab center is a true walk-in shower.
Context for OT practice settings - ANSWER-✅Traditional: adult & pediatrics
Non-traditional/emerging: academia
Context in the OT Theoretical Framework and Models - ANSWER-✅• Occupational
Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)
• OT Philosophical Base
• Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)
• Person-Environment-Occupational-Performance model (PEOP)
• Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
OT Philosophical Base - ANSWER-✅- "Occupations are everyday activities that bring
meaning to the daily lives of individuals, familyes, communities, and populations"
(2017)
- Occupations occur in diverse contexts making each person's/populations
experience engaging in occupations unique.
- Occupation is a "means and ends" to therapy
Life Course Health Development (LCHD) - ANSWER-✅- poses to answer the question:
how does health develop over time?
- Behavioral - e.g., how smoking or food eating habits impact health over time
- Social - e.g., Teenager with autism who is independent with ADL's, IADL's, and
healthy but is lacking the social skills to complete an interview for a local job?
- Environmental - e.g. If someone has arthritis and is having difficulty opening her
door to enter her home?
- This new framework has been informed by a variety of disciplines including
psychology, sociology, anthropology, and biology
- A bridge between nature and nurture, mind vs body, and medicine and public
health
- This relates to Occupational Therapy in that we are attempting to treat and
evaluate the client holistically and not by its individual parts. In other words, we are
looking at context in addition to the disease itself.
- There are 7 principles in Life Course Health Development (LCHD) to synthesize and
make sense of the current research and status of this complex framework
1. Principle of Health Development - ANSWER-✅Definition "Health development
integrates the concepts of health and developmental
processes into a unified whole" (Halfon & Forrest, 2017).
, This is the idea that health develops over the course of the lifespan. Health
development
integrates the concepts of health and developmental processes into a unified whole.
Example: Consider a child's cognitive development. As the child grows, not only does
their brain physically develop, but their mental health and well-being are also
influenced by their experiences, education, and environment. This combined growth
and influence is an example of health development.
3. Principle of Complexity - ANSWER-✅Definition "Health development results from
adaptive, multilevel, and reciprocal interactions between
individuals and their physical, natural, and social environments" Halfon & Forrest,
2017).
Health is an interplay of so many factors including physical, biochemical,
psychological, social, and cultural networks.
In addition to these factors, it is context dependent
Example: A teenager's mental health can be influenced by their genetics (physical
environment), their school environment (natural environment), and their peer
relationships (social environment).
4. Principle of Timing - ANSWER-✅Definition "Health development is sensitive to
the timing and social structuring of environmental exposures and experiences"
(Halfon & Forrest, 2017).
Health development is non-linear and is impacted by both time specific and time
dependent interactions.
Examples:
- Exposures to hazardous environmental stimuli as we age. Think smoking or being
exposed to smoking over time
- Exposure of reading to children at certain ages improves language development
- Exposure to certain toxins during pregnancy can have different effects on the fetus
depending on the trimester of exposure.
5. Principle of Plasticity - ANSWER-✅Definition: "Health development phenotypes
are systematically malleable and enabled and constrained by evolution to enhance
adaptability to diverse environments"(Halfon & Forrest, 2017).
Based on the context surrounding us over the course of the lifespan we are able to
adapt or maladapt to challenges and/or opportunities
Example: A child raised in a multilingual environment can develop the ability to
speak multiple languages fluently, showcasing the brain's adaptability.
