Scene Size-up - ANSWERObservations made and actions taken at a trauma scene before actually approaching the patient. Initial step in the ITLS Primary Survey. Starts at dispatch.
Steps of scene size-up - ANSWER1. Standard precautions (PPE)
2. Scene safety
3. Initial triage (# of patients)
4. N...
Scene Size-up - ANSWERObservations made and actions taken at a trauma scene before actually
approaching the patient. Initial step in the ITLS Primary Survey. Starts at dispatch.
Steps of scene size-up - ANSWER1. Standard precautions (PPE)
2. Scene safety
3. Initial triage (# of patients)
4. Need for more help/equipment
5. MOI
OPIM - ANSWEROther potentially infectious material
High-energy event - ANSWERMOI in which it is likely that there was a large release of uncut rolled
kinetic energy
Kinetic Energy formula - ANSWERKinetic energy = 1/2 (M x V squared)
MOI Frontal impact potential injuries - ANSWER- Cervical spine fracture
The three separate collision events - ANSWER1. Machine collision
2. Body collision
3. Organ collision
Rollover collision high risk injury - ANSWERAxial-loading injuries
,Rotational collision consideration - ANSWERIt is a combination of a frontal and lateral impact MOI.
Firearm terminology - ANSWERCaliber (internal diameter of the barrel)
Rifling (spiral groove in the interior surface of the barrow
Ammunition (case, primer, power, and bullet)
Bullet construction (Soft/hollow nose, jacket type)
Missile size (large the bullet = more resistance -> larger the permanent tract)
Missile deformity (soft nose flatten on impact = larger surface area of damage)
Semijacket (expands and adds to surface area)
Tumbling (causes a wider path of destruction)
Yaw (missile oscillate vertically and horizontally (wobble) about its axis = larger surface area)
Blast injury factors - ANSWERPrimary (initial air blast. Almost always effects air-filled body structures)
Secondary (patient being struck by material propelled by the blast)
Tertiary (body being thrown, resulting in an impact with ground/object)
Quaternary (thermal burns, inhalation of toxic dust/fumes)
Quinary (Hyperinflammatory state from contaminant in the blast such as chemical, biological or
radiological materials)
Primary Survey - ANSWERBrief exam to find immediately life-threatening condition. Consist of scene
size-up, initial assessment and either the rapid trauma survey or the focused exam
Initial assessment - ANSWERPrioritize the patient and indemnify immediately life-threatening
conditions
1. General impressions
2. Life threatening bleeding (CABC)
3. LOC
4. Airway (c-spine control prn)
5. Breathing
6. Circulation (bleeding control)
, Rapid Trauma Survey - ANSWERBrief head to toe to identify life-threatening injuries
**If critical patient transfer to ambulate to complete exam**
Focused exam - ANSWERUsed when focused or localized MOI / injury
1. Evaluate need for spinal
2. Vital sings
3. If ALOC (pupils - GCS)
Ongoing exam - ANSWERAbbreviated exam to determine changes in patient condition. Completed
every 5 mins for critical patient and 15 minutes for stable patients. Should be performed every time
the patient is moved, an intervention performed, patient condition worsens. May take the place of
secondary survey if time restraints is a factor.
Secondary Survey - ANSWERComprehensive head-to-toe exam to find additional injuries that may
have been missed.
Progression of Important Larynx structures (moving inferior) - ANSWERHyoid, thyroid cartilage, crico
thyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage
ELM/BURP - ANSWERBackwards upwards rightward pressure of the thyroid cartilage
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