CDIS 421 FINAL, CDIS 421 Neuroscience Fundamentals for
Communication Sciences and Disorders, Neuroscience Final ENMU
(Linda Weems) Exam
Plasticity - ANSWER the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain
reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the
effects of experience on brain development
frontal lobe - ANSWER associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement,
emotions, and problem solving
parietal lobe - ANSWER receives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe - ANSWER A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and
language.
occipital lobe - ANSWER A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual
information
limbic lobe - ANSWER located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral
lobes; influences motivation, emotion, learning, and memory
insular cortex - ANSWER Primary cortical processing area for taste. The part of the
cortex that first receives taste information
motor cortex (precentral gyrus) - ANSWER the section of the frontal lobe responsible for
voluntary movement
somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) - ANSWER area at the front of the parietal
lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
,visual cortex - ANSWER The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital lobe
auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) - ANSWER the area of the temporal lobe responsible for
processing sound information
Central Fissure (sulcus) - ANSWER Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
lateral fissure (sylvian fissure) - ANSWER separates temporal lobe from frontal and
parietal lobes
Broca's area - ANSWER Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe,
usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Wernicke's area - ANSWER controls language reception - a brain area involved in
language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
midbrain function - ANSWER (mesencephalon) relay center for visual and auditory
information, controls eye and bodily movements
Pons function - ANSWER bridge to connect medulla, midbrain, and cerebellum
(message relay center); contains olivary complex; aids in localization of sound.
medulla oblongata - ANSWER Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining
functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion; pyramidal
decussation
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER the sensory and motor neurons that
connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
,The PNS includes: - ANSWER somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system - ANSWER Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal
muscles.
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER the part of the PNS that controls the glands and
the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses;
its parasympathetic division calms.
Rostral - ANSWER toward the nose (front of the brain)
Caudal - ANSWER toward the tail (back of the brain)
Dorsal - ANSWER toward the back (top of the brain)
Ventral - ANSWER toward the stomach (bottom of the brain)
sagittal plane - ANSWER divides body into left and right
midsagittal plane - ANSWER divides the body into equal right and left sides
Coronal - ANSWER front and back
horizontal - ANSWER Going straight across from side to side
Transverse - ANSWER Divides body into upper and lower parts
, lateral - ANSWER away from the midline
medial - ANSWER toward the midline
Decussation - ANSWER crossing over
bifurcation - ANSWER division into two
Ipsilateral - ANSWER same side
Contralateral - ANSWER opposite side
bilateral - ANSWER both sides
Diencephalon - ANSWER located in the third ventricle and includes: thalamus,
hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Diencephalon: Thalamus - ANSWER Final relay point for ascending sensory information
that will reach the cerebral cortex (LARGEST STRUCTURE)
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus - ANSWER centers controlling emotions, autonomic
functions, and hormone production
Diencephalon: Epithalamus - ANSWER pineal gland, secretes the hormone melatonin
which regulates wake/sleep cycles
White matter fibers include: - ANSWER Projection, Association, + Commissural
projection fibers - ANSWER vertical fibers that connect hemispheres with lower brain or
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