Test Bank for Hamric & Hanson's Advanced Practice
Nursing 7th Edition by Tracy, O'Grady, and Phillips
,CH 1: Highlights from the History of Advanced Practice Nursing in the United
States
Multiple Choice
1. When did the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) introduced the
Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP)?
a. 2006
b. 2004
c. 2000
d. 2002
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ B
The AACN introduced the DNP degree in 2004 to prepare advanced practice nurses (APRNs) to
meet challenges and standardize practice beyond master’s degree programs.
2. Which of these is the best explanation for the creation of the Doctorate of Nursing Practice
(DNP) degree?
a. To compete against master’s degree programs
b. To ensure standardized curriculum ensuring independent practice
c. To validate APRN’s for financial reimbursement
d. To address increasing curriculum requirements of master’s degree programs
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ D
Although all answers are influenced by the DNP core competencies, the DNP program creation in
2004 by the AACN was designed to address curriculum requirements of master’s degree
programs.
3. Which of these was the first recognized area of advanced practice nursing?
a. Clinical Nurse Specialist
b. Family nurse practitioner
c. Pediatric nurse practitioner
d. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
,THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ D
In 1931, the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA), renamed in 1939 to the
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) was the first recognized group promoting
advanced nursing practice. Agatha Hodgins founded the AANM at Lakeside Hospital in
Cleveland, Ohio.
4. Which factor is broadly perceived to solidify and standardize the role of the APNs over the last
25 years?
a. Lack of access to health care providers
b. Standardized curriculum development
c. Payment for services
d. Societal forces
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ B
As the evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing advances specific specialties and needs are
identified. Through the evolution of organization and standardization these roles have solidified
the APN’s role in today’s health care environment.
5. During the formation of early APN roles in anesthesia, which of these increased demand
for access to health care?
a. Poverty
b. War
c. Rural access to care
d. Availability of training
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ B
Earliest demand for nursing-provided anesthesia spiked during periods of war when numbers of
physicians were inadequate. The earliest records date back to the American Civil War with the
administration of chloroform. During World War I in 1917 more than 1000 nurses, some trained
anesthetists, traveled into battle. Other factors such as need for rural health care came later in the
validation and need for APNs.
6. In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo built and opened St. Mary’s hospital in Rochester, NY. He
is known for some of the earliest recruitment and specialized training of nurses in which of
these roles?
a. Pediatrics
b. Anesthesia
c. Obstetrics
, d. Research and statistics
e. Family nursing
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ B
In 1889, Dr. William Worrall Mayo began formally training and recognizing nurse anesthetists.
This has been regarded as the earliest training in nurse-provided anesthesia.
7. In 1893, Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement (HSS) House for which purpose?
a. Access to health care of rural areas
b. Create inner-city nursing awareness
c. Provide the disadvantaged access to care
d. Establish guidelines for advanced nursing roles
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ C
The HHS was established to provide nursing services to immigrants and low-income hospital
patients and their families in Manhattan. As resistance to nurse-provided care grew, standing
orders were drafted from a group of Lower East Side physicians thereby circumventing then-
existing legal ramifications.
8. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) founded in Kentucky in 1925 by Mary Breckenridge
initially provided Appalachia with nursing resources and which type of advanced nursing
care?
a. Pediatric care
b. Anesthesia
c. Midwifery
d. Surgical services
THE CORRECT RESPOND✔ C
The original FNS provided nursing services and obstetric services to Appalachian residents. Later
working from standard orders developed from their medical advisory committee nurses treated
hospital patients, made diagnoses, and dispensed medications.
9. Which organization founded in 1941 under Mary Breckenridge’s leadership merged with the
American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) in 1969?
a. American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM)
b. American Nurses Association (ANA)
c. Association for National Nurse-Midwifery (ANNM)
d. Council of Nursing Midwifery (ANM)
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