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Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications 5th Edition Test Bank

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Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications 5th Edition Test Bank

Aperçu 4 sur 140  pages

  • 15 octobre 2024
  • 140
  • 2024/2025
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  • Questions et réponses
  • 9781108838573
  • 5th edition test bank
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  • Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis
  • Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis
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TEST BANK FOR STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
u u u u u


NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 5TH EDITION
u u u u u u u




Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology u u




Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDE u u u u u u




Chapter 1 Chemical neurotransmission
u u u


MULTIPLE CHOICE u



1. A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression isa
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



theorythat depression primarily involves which of the following
u u u u u u u u



neurotransmitters?
a. Cortisol and GABA u u




b. COMT and glutamate u u




c. Monamine and glycine u u



d. Serotonin and norepinephrine u u



ANS: D u



One possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more
u u u u u u u u u u u



uneurotransmitters.Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be important u u u u u u u u



in the regulation of depression. There is no research to support that the other
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



uoptions play a significant role in the development of depression.
u u u u u u u u u



2. A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has
u u u u u u u u u u



uresulted in damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



ureinforce thisdiagnosis? u



a. Observing the patient pick up a spoon u u u u u u




b. Asking the patient to recite the alphabet u u u u u u




c. Monitoring the patients blood pressure u u u u



d. Comparing the patients grip strength in both hands u u u u u u u



ANS: B u



Accidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



u(i.e., motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and muscle strength
u u u u u u u u u u u



are notcontrolled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.
u u u u u u u u u u u



3. The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic medications
u u u u u u u u



are always prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be based on
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



uinformation thatthe therapeutic action of psychotropic drugs is the result of their
u u u u u u u u u u u



effect on: u



a. The temporal lobe; especially Wernickes area
u u u u u




b. Dendrites and their ability to transmit electrical impulses u u u u u u u




c. The regulation of neurotransmitters especially dopamine
u u u u u



d. The peripheral nervous system sensitivity to the psychotropic medications
u u u u u u u u

,ANS: C u



Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic
u u u u u u u u u u u



cleftand have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of
u u u u u u u u u u u u



schizophrenia, on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the
u u u u u u u u u u



sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system are not relevant to either schizophrenia
u u u u u u u u u u u u



or psychotropic medications.
u u u



4. A student nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary to have to struggle
u u u u u u u u u u u u



withunderstanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic system. The
u u u u u u u u u u



mentor would base a response on the understanding that it is:
u u u u u u u u u u u



Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus primarily u u u u u u u u


a. onbehavioral interventions
u u




A complex undertaking that advance practice psychiatric nurses frequently
u u u u u u u u


b. usein their practice
u u u




Important primarily for the nursing assessment of patients with u u u u u u u u


c. braintraumacaused cognitive symptoms
u u u



Necessary for planning psychiatric care for all patients especially u u u u u u u u


d. thoseexperiencing psychiatric disorders
u u u




ANS: D u



Nurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have a
u u u u u u u u u u



neurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. This
u u u u u u u u u



understanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of knowledge is
u u u u u u u u u u



notused exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor is it relevant for
u u u u u u u u u u u u



only behavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with the results of normal
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



and abnormal brain function is a responsibility of all nurses providing all types of
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



care tothe psychiatric patient.
u u u u



5. A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



herchronic depression? Which response is supported by research data?
u u u u u u u u u



a. Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.
u u u u u u u u u u u




b. There have been no research studies done on stress and disease yet.
u u u u u u u u u u u




c. Stress does cause the release of factors that suppress the immune system.
u u u u u u u u u u u



d. There appears to be little connection between stress and diseases of the body
u u u u u u u u u u u u



ANS: C u



Research indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors
u u u u u u u u u



that suppress the immune system. Studies indicate that psychiatric disorders suchas
u u u u u u u u u u u u



mooddisorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the
u u u u u u u u u



immune system.Research does not support a connection between many cancers
u u u u u u u u u u



and stress. There is a significant amount of research about stress and the body.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



Research has shown that there are some connections between stress and physical
u u u u u u u u u u u



disease.
u

,6. A patient who has a parietal lobe injury is being evaluated for psychiatric
u u u u u u u u u u u u



urehabilitation needs. Of the aspects of functioning listed, which will the nurse
u u u u u u u u u u u



identifyas a focus of nursing intervention?
u u u u u u



a. Expression of emotion u u




b. Detecting auditory stimuli u u




c. Receiving visual images u u



d. Processing associations u




ANS: D u



The parietal lobe is responsible for associating and processing sensory information
u u u u u u u u u u



that allows for functions such as following directions on a map, reading a clock,
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



udressing self, keeping appointments, and distinguishing right from left. Emotional
u u u u u u u u u



uexpression is associated with frontal lobe function. Detecting auditory stimuli is a
u u u u u u u u u u u



utemporal lobe function. Receiving visual images is related to occipital lobe
u u u u u u u u u u



ufunction.
7. At admission, the nurse learns that some time ago the patient had an infarct in
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



theright cerebral cortex. During assessment, the nurse would expect to find that
u u u u u u u u u u u u



uthe patient:
u



a. Demonstrates major deficiencies in speech u u u u




b. Is unable to effectively hold a spoon in the left hand
u u u u u u u u u u




c. Has difficulty explaining how to go about using the telephone
u u u u u u u u u



d. Cannot use his right hand to shave himself or comb his own hair u u u u u u u u u u u u




ANS: B u



The cerebral hemispheres are responsible for functions such as control of muscles.
u u u u u u u u u u u



The right hemisphere mainly controls the motor and sensory functions on the left
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



usideof the body. Damage to the right side would result in impaired function on the
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



left side of the body. The motor cortex controls voluntary motor activity. Brocas
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



uarea controls motor speech. Cognitive functions are attributed to the association
u u u u u u u u u u



ucortex.
The right side of the bodys motor activity is controlled by the left cerebral cortex.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



8. A patient with chronic schizophrenia had a stroke involving the hippocampus.
u u u u u u u u u u



uThepatient will be discharged on low doses of haloperidol. The nurse will need to
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



individualize the patients medication teaching by:
u u u u u u



a. Including the patients caregiver in the education u u u u u u




b. Being careful to stress the importance of taking the medication as prescribed
u u u u u u u u u u u




Providing the education at a time when the patient is emotionally calm
u u u u u u u u u u u


c. andrelaxed
u



Encouraging the patient to crush or dissolve the medication to help u u u u u u u u u u


d. withswallowing
u




ANS: A u

, The hippocampus plays a major role in short-term memory and, hence, in learning.
u u u u u u u u u u u u



Taking the medication as prescribed and providing the education at a time when
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



the patient is calm and relaxed is information or considerations that allpatients
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



should begiven. The medication does not necessarily need to be crushed or
u u u u u u u u u u u u



dissolved since the stroke would not have caused difficulty with swallowing.
u u u u u u u u u u u



9. The physician tells the nurse, The medication Im prescribing for the
u u u u u u u u u u



patient enhances the g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Which patient
u u u u u u u u u



behavior willprovide evidence that the medication therapy is successful?
u u u u u u u u u



a. The patient is actively involved in playing cards with other patients.
u u u u u u u u u u




b. The patient reports that, I dont feel as anxious as I did a couple of days ago.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u




c. The patient reports that both auditory and visual hallucinations have
u u u u u u u u u



decreased.
u



d. The patient says that, I am much happier than before I came to the hospital.
u u u u u u u u u u u u u u



ANS: B u



GABA is the principle inhibitory neurotransmitter. The medication should provide
u u u u u u u u u



anantianxiety effect. Alertness, psychotic behaviors, and mood elevation are not
u u u u u u u u u u



generally affected by g-aminobutyric acid.
u u u u u



10. The patients family asks whether a diagnosis of Parkinsons disease creates
u u u u u u u u u u



an increased risk for any mental health issues. What question would the nurse
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



ask toassess for such a comorbid condition?
u u u u u u u



a. Has your father exhibited any signs of depression? u u u u u u u




b. Does your father seem to experience mood swings? u u u u u u u




c. Have you noticed your father talking about seeing things you cant see?
u u u u u u u u u u u



d. Is your dad preoccupied with behaviors that he needs to repeat over and over?
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



ANS: A u



Serotonin and its close chemical relatives, dopamine and norepinephrine, are the
u u u u u u u u u u



neurotransmitters that are most widely involved in various forms of depression.
u u u u u u u u u u u



Mostresearchers agree that the immediate cause of parkinsonism is a deficiency
u u u u u u u u u u u



of dopamine and so a patient with Parkinsons disease should be monitored for
u u u u u u u u u u u u u



depression, The other mental health disorders (bipolar disorder, hallucinations,
u u u u u u u u u



and obsessive compulsive disorder) have not been connected to Parkinsons
u u u u u u u u u u



disease.
u



11. Which explanation for the prescription of donepezil (Aricept) would the
u u u u u u u u u



nurseprovide for a patient in the early stage of Alzheimers disease?
u u u u u u u u u u u



a. It will increase the metabolism of excess GABA.
u u u u u u u




b. Excess dopamine will be prevented from attaching to receptor sites. u u u u u u u u u




c. Serotonin deficiency will be managed through a prolonged reuptake period. u u u u u u u u u



d. The acetylcholine deficiency will be managed by inhibiting cholinesterase.
u u u u u u u u



ANS: D u

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