OST 575 - Exam #1 Questions And Correct
Answers
Where does the esophagus reside before piercing the diaphragm and joining the stomach at the
cardioesophageal junction? - answerposterior mediastinum
What separates the thoracic and abdominal part of the esophagus? - answerdiaphragm
What does the...
Where does the esophagus reside before piercing the diaphragm and joining the stomach at the
cardioesophageal junction? - answer✔posterior mediastinum
What separates the thoracic and abdominal part of the esophagus? - answer✔diaphragm
What does the esophagus lie anterior to? posterior to? - answer✔ANTERIOR - prevertebral
fascia
POSTERIOR - trachea
What are the 3 restriction spots of the esophagus? - answer✔#1 = cricopharyngeus muscle
#2 = arch of the aorta
#3 = passing through diaphragm at level T10
What is the blood supply of the cervical esophagus? - answer✔*inferior thyroid a*
rarely direct branch from thyrocervical trunk or common carotid a.
What is the blood supply of the thoracic esophagus? - answer✔aorta (4-5 esophageal arteries)
What is the blood supply of the abdominal esophagus? - answer✔left gastric artery
What are the 2 portal venous return systems of the abdomen? - answer✔Portal venous system
Inferior vena cava
What is the venous drainage of the cervical esophagus? - answer✔left brachiocephalic vein
What is the venous drainage of the thoracic esophagus? - answer✔Upper left: accessory
homozygous vein or left brachiocephalic vein
Lower left: Hemiazygous vein
Right side: Azygous vein
How do esophageal varies develop? - answer✔when back flow from the portal vein drainage
system occurs (usually due to liver cirrhosis caused by alcoholism)
What are the 2 types of esophageal hiatal hernias? - answer✔paraesophageal hiatal hernia
sliding hiatal hernia
What is the blood supply to the stomach? - answer✔left gastric artery
right and left gastro-mental artery
What does the left gastric vein drain into? - answer✔azygous vein
What does the right gastric and right/left gastro-mental veins drain into? - answer✔hepatic portal
vein
Does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm before/after joining the stomach? - answer✔before
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx? - answer✔nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
What level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm? - answer✔T10
What are the two veins of the esophageal supply that form anastomosis? - answer✔azygous vein
left gastric vein
What type of esophageal hernia causes the funds of the stomach and part of the esophagus to
slide up through the diaphragm? - answer✔sliding hiatal hernia
What is the space between the stomach and the pancreas called? - answer✔lesser sac
What is the ligament between the liver and stomach called? - answer✔lesser omentum
(hepatogastric ligament)
How do the greater and lesser sac communicate? - answer✔epiploic foramen (foramen of
winslow)
What receives nearly all the nutrients absorbed by the intestine? - answer✔liver
What are the parts of the mucosa layer of the stomach (main gut tube)? - answer✔epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa
What is the layer of the main gut tube that supports the mucosa? - answer✔submucosa
What is the name of the smooth muscle layers of the main gut tube? - answer✔Muscularis
externa (circular and longitudinal)
What is the outermost layer of the main gut tube that is only found in the stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine? - answer✔serosa
What is the outermost layer of the main gut tube that is only found in the esophagus? -
answer✔adventitia
What are the layers of the gut wall? - answer✔MSMS (inner-->outer)
Mucosa
submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa (adventitia if esophagus)
What are the accessory digestive organs? - answer✔salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
What are the different layers of the tongue? - answer✔Skeletal muscle fibers
epithelium
lamina propria
What are the 2 parts of the tongue? What divides them? - answer✔pharyngeal part (posterior 1/3)
oral part (anterior 2/3)
*Sulcus terminalis*
What is the epithelium of the oral part of the tongue raised over? - answer✔protrusions called
*lingual papillae*
What are the 4 types of papillae of the tongue? - answer✔filiform
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate
What papillae are the smallest, most numerous scattered throughout the *anterior 2/3 of tongue*,
that have a highly keratinized epithelial tip and provide an abrasive surface for macerated food?
Do they have taste buds? - answer✔Filiform papillae
*NO THEY DO NOT*
What papillae are scattered among the filiform papillae, have a barrel or mushroom shape with
dome, non keratinized surface and form visible red spots because *they are rich in capillaries*?
Do they have taste buds? - answer✔Fungiform papillae
*YES THEY DO*
What papillae are named for the circular groove that surrounds the papilla, are visible to the
naked eye *along the sulcus terminals*, with serous glands that open into the bottom of the
grooves to flush material/food that has been stuck in the grooves? Do they have taste buds? -
answer✔Circumvallate papillae
*YES THEY DO*
What papillae have parallel ridges on the posterolateral edge of the tongue? DO they have taste
buds? - answer✔Foliate papillae
*YES but scant in adults*
What type of papillae contain the most taste buds? What papillae does NOT contain any taste
buds? - answer✔Circumvallate (contains MOST)
Filiform (contains NO taste buds)
What is the taste sensation? - answer✔due to combination of sensory input from taste buds on
tongue and from olfactory and somatosensory input
What parts of the mouth contribute to the aftertaste? - answer✔palate
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