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Summary IT A-Level, Covers all of topic 15 Project Management
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IT A-Level, Covers all of topic 15 Project Management, Mostly for Cambridge Students
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13 New and Emerging Technologies13.1 New and emerging technologies
emerging technology: New or existing technologies that are still in development to allow them
to reach their full potential.
Near Field Communication (NFC)
NFC is a communication protocol that allows two devices to connect to each other
wirelessly and share data
Although it is similar to Bluetooth it doesn’t require a pairing code or password .
Bluetooth average proximity is 100m whereas NFC must be used within max 20 cm
range
Connecting through an NFC than Bluetooth is much quicker.
NFC are a modern technology that are present in most smartphones and smart watches
Uses:
Passive NFC Chips: The use of those is similar to QR codes, they can be built into
buildings, bulletin boards, etc in order to distribute data. User just needs to point their
NFC enabled device towards the information point and data is received almost instantly
without the need of scanning it like QR codes.
Electronic Wallets: NFC are used to enable contactless payment via mobile
phones/smart watches and credit cards. Credit card have a built in NFC chip.
Smart ticketing: transit passes details can be stored in an nfc chip, hence allows user to
travel without them
Sharing photos
Unlocking doors: employee pass / house key can be stored on phones now to unlock
doors
,Difference between Bluetooth and NFC:
Max working range of NFC is max 20 cm whereas Bluetooth is 100 m so users have to be
very close.
Data exchange is slower using an NFC than Bluetooth so takes longer to transfer files.
NFC uses much less power than Bluetooth
NFC connections re automatic whereas Bluetooth requires pairing code
NFC connections are peer-to-peer whereas Bluetooth allows upto 7 devices to be
connected simultaneously
NFC is a new emerging technology hence fewer devices only support it / older devices
can’t make use of it whereas Bluetooth is standardized now.
NFC connects instantly with another device whereas Bluetooth takes longer
Advantages:
Wireless communication so no cabled connection is required
Fast method of data transfer
Present in many modern mobile devices so is becoming more universal.
Does not require an internet connection.
Does not require a pairing code.
Disadvantages:
Can be seen as less secure as user doesn’t need to authenticate the pairing of devices.
Users are concerned that the technology could be used to steal their data.
Ultra-High Definition Television Systems
The quality of the image produced on screen depends on the resolution of the screen
which is the number of pixels that can be displayed on screen. The higher resolution
means a clearer image
Standard HD used to be the highest quality that a picture could be displayed in.
However 4k and 8k screens have been developed that produce ultra-high definition
(UHD)
UHD has resolution of 4 times the number of pixels as HD
UHD have increased dynamic range and color depth compared to HD
, More LEDs in a given are on screen increase the resolution so there’s more details
4k televisions are commercially available and more common place now however 8k
screens are very limited and only used in commercial applications such as cinema
screens.
UHD requires high speed internet connection and a method to broadcast 4 times much
data than for an HD.
Uses:
surgery: Medical grade computer have been introduced which have 4k screens, they are
used in surgery to view the surgery in process. The 4k resolution allows to have a higher
level of visibility of the surgery and enables a greater level of precision when carrying
out surgical tasks. It also allows surgery to be carried out remotely using a very high
quality image.
cinemas: 8k screens are no being used in cinemas for greater visually entertaining
experience and to allow a greater level of immersion.
Advantages:
Quality of the image is sharper and clearer.
Can produce a higher level of detail in an image.
Can improve the viewing experience for the user.
Disadvantages:
The technology required for UHD screens is more expensive to manufacture.
It requires a large amount of data to be transmitted by television broadcasters to
achieve a UHD image.
An internet connection at least 25mbps is normally required to stream content at a UHD
level.
Artificial Intelligence
AI allows computers to make decisions and respond to situations like humans. It
involves programming computers to think and learn.
AI systems follow set rules and can adapt based on their experiences, appearing to think
but actually responding to programmed instructions
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