SLCC Nursing ~Med-Surg 3 ~unit 3 Exam Questions and Answers
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Course
SLCC
Institution
SLCC
Hypovolemic shock - Answer-Hypovolemic shock occurs from inadequate fluid volume in the intravascular space, leads to decreased tissue perfusion and initiation of the general shock response. Hypovolemic shock is the most commonly occurring form of shock.
Hypovolemic shock causes - Answer-loss of...
SLCC Nursing ~Med-Surg 3 ~unit 3
Exam Questions and Answers
Hypovolemic shock - Answer-Hypovolemic shock occurs from inadequate fluid volume
in the intravascular space, leads to decreased tissue perfusion and initiation of the
general shock response. Hypovolemic shock is the most commonly occurring form of
shock.
Hypovolemic shock causes - Answer-loss of whole blood due to hemorrhage
Loss of blood plasma due to burns
Loss of interstitial fluids due to diaphoresis, diabetes, emesis, diuretics
Hypovolemic shock begins to develop when intravascular volume has decreased by
approximately 15%.
Hypovolemic shock interventions - Answer-Nursing interventions include minimizing
fluid loss, administering volume replacement, assessing response to therapy, providing
comfort and emotional support, and preventing and maintaining surveillance for
complications.
Stages of Shock - Answer-1.During the initial stage, cardiac output (CO) is decreased,
and tissue perfusion is threatened.
2.Compensatory stage begins as the body's homeostatic mechanisms attempt to
maintain CO, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion.
3.Progressive stage, the compensatory mechanisms begin failing to meet tissue
metabolic needs, and the shock cycle is perpetuated.
4.Refractory stage, shock becomes unresponsive to therapy and is considered
irreversible. Point of no return
What MAP defines shock - Answer-The client with a MAP less than 60 mm Hg or with
evidence of global tissue hypo perfusion is considered to be in a shock state.
What is the most common type of shock - Answer-Hypovolemic shock is the most
commonly occurring form of shock.
, What shock types are distributive - Answer-1.Septic
2.Anaphylactic
3.Neurogenic
Cardiogenic Shock - Answer-Cardiogenic shock is the result of failure of the heart to
effectively pump blood forward
It can occur with dysfunction of the right or the left ventricle, or both
The lack of adequate pumping function leads to decreased tissue perfusion and
circulatory failure
Cardiogenic Shock Signs and Symptoms - Answer-The patient may complain of chest
pain. Tachycardia develops to compensate for the decrease in CO. The respiratory rate
increases to improve oxygenation.
ABG values indicate respiratory alkalosis.
As the left ventricle fails, auscultation of the lungs may disclose crackles and rhonchi,
indicating pulmonary edema. Hypoxemia occurs.
Cardiogenic Shock Causes - Answer-MI
Cardiogenic Shock Interventions - Answer-Preventive measures include the
identification of patients at risk, facilitation of early reperfusion therapy for acute MI, and
frequent assessment and management of the patient's cardiopulmonary status.
Patients who require mechanical device therapy (intra-aortic balloon pump [IABP], left
ventricular assist device [LVAD], or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO])
need to be observed frequently for complications, which may include infection, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, embolus, stroke, device malfunction, circulatory
compromise of a cannulated extremity, SIRS, and sepsis.
Anaphylactic shock - Answer-Anaphylactic shock, a type of distributive shock, is the
result of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. It is a life-threatening event that
requires prompt intervention. The severe and systemic response leads to decreased
tissue perfusion and initiation of the general shock response.
Anaphylactic shock signs and symptoms - Answer-Massive vasodilation
Itchy rash
Low BP
Edema
Shortness of breath
Antihistamines and steroids are administered to stop the inflammatory reaction
Anaphylactic shock causes - Answer-Cause by widespread hypersensitivity to an
allergen such as foods, snake venom, insect bite, pollen, medications, latex ...
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